derive from . get from 从…得到

We derive happiness from good health．有健康的身体就能得到幸福。

She derives great pleasure from reading．她从阅读中得到许多乐趣。

I can't find any substitutes for the personal satisfaction derived from work．我从工作中得到的自我满足是无法用其它东西来替代的。

We can derive the meaning from the context．我们能从上下文推出含意。

derive from . have its origin in；come from起源于；出自

The word“grammar”is derived from ancient Greek．英语“grammar”这个词源于古希腊文。

These raisins derive from Xinjiang and taste delicious．这些葡萄干产自新疆，味道很美。

descend from . go or come down from 从…下来；传下来；遗传

He descended from the tower．他从塔上下来。

The ring has descended from her grandmother．这枚戒指是她祖母传下来的。

The sword descends from the Tang dynasty．这把剑是从唐朝传下来的。

descend from . have one's family origin in；originate from 是…的后裔

He claimed to have descended from the royal family．他自称是王族之后。

According to the Bible，we have all descended from Adam．按照《圣经》上的说法，我们都是亚当的后裔。

descend on . descend upon . attack suddenly；visit unexpectedly 突然拜访；突然袭击

Thieves descended on the travellers and took their money．盗贼出其不意地袭击旅行者，抢走了他们的钱。

The enemy descended upon the village at midnight．敌人在午夜突然袭击了这个小村庄。

My two old friends descended on me at Christmas．我的两个老朋友在圣诞节突然来看望我。

desirous of . having a desire for 渴望

She is desirous of comfort and understanding．她渴望安慰和理解。

He is desirous of fame and gain．他追求名和利。

He is desirous of obtaining a position in the management．他渴望在经理部谋得一个职位。

despair of . be without hope of 绝望；丧失信心

Don't despair of success；where there is a will，there is a way．别对成功悲观失望，有志者事竟成。

He despaired of winning the game．他丧失了赢得这场比赛的信心。

The patient's life was despaired of．这个病人没有救活的希望。

despair of . feel very anxious about 非常担忧

She despairs of her son．她为她儿子担心。

destined for . intended for 预定；指定

The book is destined for the first year students．这本书是指定给一年级学生读的。

That room is destined for the reception of foreign visitors．那间房被指定作为接待外宾用。

destined for . bound for；headed for （船等）开往

The ship is destined for Hong Kong．这艘船开往香港。

destitute of . lacking in；without 无；缺乏…的

The cruel ruler was destitute of human feeling．那个暴君毫无人性。

He found himself destitute of all means of subsistence．他发现自己缺乏任何谋生的手段。

detrimental to . harmful to ；causing damage to 对…有害

Lack of sleep is detrimental to one's health．睡眠不足有害健康。

Overwork is detrimental to one's health．过度劳累对健康有害。

Your criticism could prove detrimental to his success．你的批评对他的成功可能不利。

devote to . give（oneself，one's time，）freely to；dedicate to 致力于；献身于

She has devoted herself to the medical science．她一直致力于医学研究。

The young doctor devoted himself to helping the poor and the sick．这位年轻的医生致力于帮助穷人和病人。

die away . （of sound，wind，light）become weaker or fainter until it ceases 渐渐消失

The noise of the plane died away in the distance．飞机的声音渐渐地在远方消逝了。

The sound of the music died away．音乐声渐渐消失了。

The colors of the sunset died away．落日的余晖消失了。

die down . become more quiet；decrease；lose force；lessen in intensity 减弱；逐渐消失

The loud music died down after the police came．警察来后，吵闹的音乐声变小了。

My anger at him has died down since he apologized to me．他向我道了歉，我对他的气也就消了。

The room seemed warm enough so we let the fire die down．这房间似乎够暖和了，因此我们把火弄小了。

After John left，the party died down．约翰走后，晚会的气氛就减弱了。

die from . die owing to（a wound，weakness，）死于（负伤，衰弱等）

The man died from the snake's biting．那人死于蛇咬。

The soldier died from the serious wounds．那个士兵严重受伤而死。

The horse died from overwork．那匹马累死了。

die of . die because of（illness，hunger，grief，）因（疾病、饥饿、悲伤等）而死

She died of cancer two years ago．她两年前死于癌症。

Of what disease did the man die？那个人死于何病？

In a severe winter，many wild animals can die of hunger．在寒冷的冬天，许多野生动物可能会饿死。

She died of grief soon after her husband's death．丈夫去世后不久，她因过度悲伤而死去了。