hang up . put a telephone receiver down挂上电话

Don't hang up（on me）；I haven't finished talking to you．别挂电话，我还有话对你说。

hang up . delay；cause a delay；put aside；cause to wait搁置；推迟；拖延；使等候

The project was hung up for lack of fund．工程因资金短缺而被搁置下来。

The heavy rain hung up the work on the building site for three weeks．大雨使工地上的工作耽搁了三周。

I'm sorry I'm late．I got hung up by a friend on the way here．对不起我来晚了。路上遇到一个朋友，所以耽搁了。

Rehearsals for the school play were hung up by the illness of some of the actors．校戏剧节目的彩排因几位演员生病而推迟了。

hang up . stick or cause to be stuck or held so as to be immovable受困；搁浅

For nearly twenty minutes the train was hung up in a tunnel with the signal against it ．没有发通行信号，火车停在隧道里将近二十分钟。

The bus was hung up in snow and the driver could not get it out．公共汽车受困于雪地里，司机无法将它开出来。

A big passenger ship hung up on a sandbar for several hours．一条大客轮搁浅在沙州已有几个小时了。

hang up . set a record破纪录

He hung up a school record for long-distance swimming．他破了远程游泳的校纪录。

hang up . place on a hook or hanger挂起

When the children come to school，they hang up their coats in the cloakroom．孩子们到校后把外衣挂在衣帽间。

happen on . happen upon . meet with；come unexpectedly on （偶然）遇见

I happened on this old photograph in the back of the drawer．在抽屉后面我偶尔发现了这张旧照片。

at the conference I happened upon an old friend I had not seen for years．在大会期间我偶然遇到了一位多年不见的朋友。

 happen to . chance to碰巧

I happened to be out when he called．他来访时我碰巧外出了。

 hard and fast . not to be broken or changed；fixed；strict严格的；非遵守不可的；不能变动的

It is a hard and fast rule；everyone must obey it ．这是个严格的规则，大家都必须服从。

The traffic regulations must be observed in a hard and fast way；any negligence would cause an accident．交通规则必须严格遵守，任何疏忽都会造成事故。

The teacher said that there was a hard and fast rule against smoking in the school．老师说校方规定不准抽烟，任何人不允许违反这条规定。

hard as nails . not flabby or soft；physically very fit结结实实；身体强壮

After working in the countryside for two years he is as hard as nails．在乡下干了两年后，他身体非常结实。

hard as nails . not gentle or mild;rough；stern冷酷无情

John works for a boss who is as hard as nails and scolds John roughly whenever he does something wrong．约翰的老板很严厉，每当约翰做错了事，他总是严加训斥。

hard by . near by；not far off附近

Hard by the school stood a big bookstore．学校附近有一家大书店。

Their house is hard by the station．他们的房子就在车站附近。

 hard feeling . angry or bitter feeling敌意

Jim asked Andy to shake hands with him，just to show that there were no hard feelings．吉姆请安迪同他握手，以示彼此无敌意。

 hard on . near to 临近

He is hard on eighty．他快八十岁了。

 hard on . severe upon对…苛刻

He is hard on his employees．他对雇员太苛刻。

hard nut to crack . tough nut to crack . something difficult to understand or to do 难事；棘手的问题

The girl found the algebra lesson was a hard nut to crack．这女孩发现代数课难以应付。

Dealing with that problem was a hard nut to crack；you must have worked hard to solve it ．处理那个问题很难，你一定花了很大的气力。

hard put .hard put to it . in a difficult position；faced with difficulty面临困境；为难

The little girl found herself hard put to it to find the way home．这小女孩发现她认不得回家的路了。

We were hard put to it to solve this problem，but we succeeded at last．我们起先对解决这个问题感到很为难，但最终还是圆满解决了。

We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant. 我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。

I'd be hard put to say exactly why I disliked him. 我很难启齿说明我到底为什么不喜欢他。

hardly…when . no sooner…than；only just…when刚…就

He had hardly reached here，when it began to snow．他一到这儿就下起雪来了。

Hardly had I got home，when the telephone rang．我刚到家，电话就响了。

She had hardly heard the news，when she began to cry．她一听到这消息就哭了。

 hardly any .  scarcely any . almost no or almost none；very few很少；几乎没有

Hardly any of the students did well on the test，so the teacher explained the test paper in detail．几乎没有一个学生考得好，所以老师把考卷详细讲解了一遍。

hardly ever . scarcely ever . very rarely；almost never；seldom很少；稀少

We hardly ever get to see him nowadays；he must be very busy with his business．近来我们很少看到他；他一定忙于他的事务。

In New England，the month of September hardly ever passes without a frost．在新英格兰，九月很少不降霜的。

He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight．他很少在午夜之前睡觉的。

 have time off .  have off . have free time；not have to work 休息

We have time off for a coffee break every morning．每天上午我们都有喝咖啡的休息时间。

He works only five days a week and has every Saturday and Sunday off．他一周只工作五天，星期六和星期日休息。