这就意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。This means going back to the place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before,

只有在她母亲头几个月过来帮忙后，她才得以开始自己的计划。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project,

only, + 状语，位于句首，引起部分倒装。

只有用这种办法，我们才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can we solve this problem,

 此时此刻我才意识到自己错了。Only then did I realize I was wrong,

只有当一个人失去某样东西的时候，他才会知道它的价值。Only when one loses something, can he know its value,

只有汤姆知道那场足球比赛的结果。Only Tom knew the result of the football match,

这是一本小书，介绍如何在妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。她提出一些可以遵循的简单的做法来保持婴儿清洁、健康，并让他们远离疾病。It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies,She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness,

句中explaining how to cut the death rate是book的后置定语，explain与 book 构成主动关系，故用动词–ing 形式。

 站在那儿的（男）孩子是我弟弟。The child standing over there is my brother,

他们住在一所朝南的房子里。They lived in a house facing south,

 我突然想到，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time,

  过去式，我想到（起）。it hit me,

it struck me,

it occurred to me,

我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday,

我突然想到, 我们应该制订一个新的方案。It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan,

我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked,

进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school,

在英语中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

眼见为实。To see is to believe,

学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。Reading aloud is very important in learning English,

他们何时能完成任务还未知。When they could finish the task is not known yet,

要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his name here,

Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign her name here,

注意：what引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要以what所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。

他所说的是真的。What he said is true,

我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。What we need are more volunteers,

由连接词and,或者both,  and,连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

他说的话及行为极大地鼓舞了其他学生。What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students,

他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。Both his father and his mother are advanced workers,

注意：有时，一些用and,连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数形式。

用and,连接的名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主语时

黄油面包对病人很有营养。Bread and butter is nutritious for patients,

早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise,

那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting,

each,或者every,或者no,或者many a,  + 单数名词+ and + each,或者every,或者no,或者many a,  + 单数名词  作主语时

每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。Every hour and every minute is precious,

每个人都不允许进入大厅。No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall,

名词+as well as, 或者rather than, 或者like, 或者but, 或者expect,或者 besides, 或者with, 或者together with, 或者along with, 或者including, 或者in addition to,+ 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。

汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加宴会了。Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party,

实验室只有一个老师和三个学生。Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the lab,

more than one, 或many a, + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义为复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。

不止一个学生反对这个决定。More than one student is against the decision,

这本书缺了许多页。Many a page in this book is missing,

不定代词either, 或者neither, 或者each, 或者every,或者no, +单数名词和由some,或者 any, 或者no, 或者every,构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

世上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。Nothing in the world moves faster than light,

我们每个人都有自己的职责。Each one of us has his own duty,

注意：若none of,后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。

这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。None of the money has been spent on repairs,

乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。None of the passengers were aware of the danger,

None of the passengers was aware of the danger,

由“a lot of,或者 lots of, 或者plenty of, 或者the rest of, 或者the majority of, + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定,

大多数医生都认为吸烟有害健康。The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health,

这次的损害大部分都容易补救。The majority of the damage is easy to repair,

其余的书都归还给图书馆了。The rest of the books were returned to the library,

其余的钱都给了村民。The rest of the money was given to the villagers,

a large amount of, + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；

large amounts of, +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

a large quantity of, +可数或者不可数名词”结构  谓语动词用单数。

large quantities of, +可数或者不可数名词”结构 谓语动词用复数形式。

许多食品被摊放在桌子上。Quantities of food were spread out on the table,

在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。A large amount of damage was done in a short time,

在定语从句中，关系代词that,或者 who, 或者which,等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

我是你的老师，我会尽全力帮助你的。I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you,

那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。Those who have finished the work can go home first,

注意：one of, + 复数名词+who,或者which,或者 that, 引导的定语从句中，若关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。若one, 前有the, +only,或者very,或者right,修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。

他是那些获奖的学生之一。He was one of the students who were given a prize,

我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。I was the only one in my office who was invited,

由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，glasses,或者spectacles,或者，shoes,或者，boots,或者， trousers,或者, pants,或者，compasses,或者，chopsticks,或者，scissors,或者，socks,等，谓语动词通常用复数，但这类词如用a pair of,修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打碎了。My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday,

床底下有一双鞋。A pair of shoes is lying under the bed,

这里有几双新鞋。Here are some new pairs of shoes,

由“kind,或者form,或者type,或者 sort,或者species,或者series, +of, + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。

必须克服各种各样的困难。All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome,

这种问题很难。This kind of questions is very difficult,

This sort of questions is very difficult,

questions of this kind, 或者questions of this sort,谓语动词要用复数形式。

这类问题很难回答。Questions of this kind are very difficult,

Questions of this sort are very difficult,

当主语形式为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；但主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。

有些名词如people,或者 cattle,或者police,或者trousers,等没有单数形式， 作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。

警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately,

允许牲畜在这个地区放牧。Cattle were allowed to graze in this area,

英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式，这类名词常见的有sheep, 或者deer, 或者，fish, 或者，means, 或者， species, 或者，Chinese, 或者，Japanese, 或者，series, 等。

为了防止大气污染，每一种方法都试过了。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution,

为了使动植物的生命不受到威胁，所有的方法都试过了。All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered,

有些集合名词，如public, 或者，family, 或者, enemy, 或者, audience, 或者，government, 或者，group, 或者，committee, 或者，team, 或者，media, 或者，staff, 或者，crew, 等作主语时， 谓语动词的数要根据其包含的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式；但如果这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。

情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win,

队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。  The team are practicing hard on the playground,

政府已经采取了可能的措施。The government has taken possible action,

政府正在讨论这项提案。The government are discussing the proposal,

the, + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；

the, + 形容词 指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。

最后，伤员们被村民们救起。The wounded were saved by the villagers at last,

这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。The wounded in the accident was a policeman,

好看的并不总是有用的。The beautiful is not always useful,

有些以s,结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics, 或者mathematics,或者 economics,或者 politics,等，以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

政治是一门复杂的学科。Politics is a complicated subject,

《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world,

表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待的话，谓语动词通常用单数。

二十公里是一段相当长的距离。Twenty kilometers is a quite long distance,

那时五十美金对我来说是一大笔钱。Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time,

a number of, ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式

the number of,＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

很多人申请了这项工作。A large number of people have applied for the job,

目前中国学习英语的人数正在增加。The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly at present,

such,作主语时要根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

这就是我们的计划。Such is our plan,

这些就是他所说的话。Such are his words,

就近一致原则 谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。

在there be, 结构、here, 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中，谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。

办公室中有两把椅子和一张桌子。There are two chairs and a desk in the office,

这些是我对你的问题的回答。Here are my replies to your questions,

 湖泊的南边有两座石塔。South of the lake stand two stone towers,

当either,  or, 或者 neither,  nor, 或者  not only,  but also, 或者 not,  but,或者   or, 或者 nor,等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与邻近的主语保持一致。

不是他就是你必须为此事负责。Either he or you are to blame for it,

不是你而应是我应对这次的延误负责。Not you but I am responsible for the delay,