为了确定你的目标受众，你有必要事先做些小的调查和分析。In order to determine your audience, you will need to do a little research and analysis in advance,

确定，决定，使决定determine,

决心，决意做  determine to do,

 决心  determine that,

使某人决定做某事determine somebody to do something,

下定决心做某事be determined to do something,

make up one's mind to do something,

我们决定早些动身。We determined to start early,

她决心再也不要见到他。She determined that she would never see him again,

是什么使你下决心要嫁给他的?What determined you to marry him?,

我决心要弄清楚谁该对此事负责。I'm determined to find out who is responsible for this,

决定时的动作，determine to do something,

着重于有决心的状态。be determined to do something,

determine,短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；

be determined, 延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

为了使他们对产品以某种方式回应，要始终努力去吸引目标受众，这很重要。It is important to always try to appeal to the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way,

做出反应，回应react,

我不确定你会做出什么反应。I wasn't sure how you would react,

人们对某些食品添加剂可能会严重过敏。People may react badly to certain food additives,

反应reaction,

产生反应；做出反应react to,

他们在乎或者关注这个问题的哪些方面?What aspects of this problem would they care about or be concerned with?,

形容词关注的，感兴趣的concerned,

对  关心be concerned about,

与  有关be concerned with,

我们相当关心父亲的健康。We are rather concerned about father's health,

这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the cold war,

涉及；关心concern,

 关于concerning,

就某人而言so far as somebody be concerned,

as far as somebody be concerned,

对  很担心show a great concern for,

 与  无关have no concern with,

你必须决定你想要采用什么方法。You must decide what approach you want to use,

我们需要一种新的方法去学英语。We need a new approach to learn English,

方法 ; 方式 ; 接近 ; 接洽 ; 建议 ;动词，靠近，接近。approach,

圣诞节快到了。Christmas was approaching,

对待或处理某事的方式the approach to something,

对  进行探讨make an approach to,

与某人商量、交涉某事approach somebody on something,

way,后接to do,或者of doing something,

means,单复数同形，后接of doing something,

靠  方法by means of,

method,后常接of,

approach,其后接名词时，要用介词to,  。

我们主要的目标就是阻止年轻人抽烟。Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking,

使泄气，使气馁discourage,

不要因为一次失败就泄气。Don't let one failure discourage you,

她因挫折而灰心了。She was discouraged by setbacks,

我们劝他不要放弃那份工作。We discouraged him from giving up the job,

 挫折，气馁  discouragement,

形容词 泄气的discouraged,

形容词 令人泄气的discouraging,

 鼓励encourage,

 勇气courage,

 阻止，妨碍，不鼓励某人做某事discourage somebody from doing something,

鼓励某人做某事encourage somebody to do something,

如果我们能够说服年轻人不要抽烟，或许他们就会劝说他们的父母和其他人也放弃抽烟。If we can convince young people not to start, they might then urge their parents and other people to give up smoking, too,

使相信convince,

使某人信服，使某人明白convince somebody of something,

说服某人做某事convince somebody to do something,

确信，坚信be convinced of something,

我确信自己是正确的。I'd convinced myself I was fight,

I'd convinced myself that I was fight,

我一直劝他去看医生。I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor,

 我怎样才能使你相信她很诚实呢?How can I convince you of her honesty?,

他的一番话使我意识到我错了。What he said convinced me that I was mistaken,

如果我们能够说服年轻人不要抽烟，或许他们就会劝说他们的父母和其他人也放弃抽烟。If we can convince young people not to start, they might then urge their parents and other people to give up smoking, too,

敦促，力劝；竭力主张  强烈的欲望，冲动urge,

要求某人做某事urge somebody to do something,

urge somebody into doing something,

极力主张某人做urge something on somebody,

urge something upon somebody,

要求某人做某事have an urge to do something,

他催促她休息。He urged her to rest,

他对我们力言忍耐是必要的。He urged on us the necessity of patience,

当urge,后接that,从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或者“动词原形”，

强烈要求某人做某事。urge that somebody should do something,

urge that somebody do something,

她主张我应该向他道歉。She urged that I apologize to him,

She urged that I should apologize to him,

我们希望警醒人们，让他们认识到许多吸烟者过早地死于与吸烟有关的疾病。We want to shock people into realizing that many smokers die ail too soon from illnesses and diseases related to smoking,

使震惊，使惊愕  震惊，惊骇shock,

使某人感到震惊，惊愕shock somebody,

 令人震惊be shocked at,

be shocked by,

因  感到震惊be shocked to do,

令某人震惊come as a shock to somebody,

发生那样的事，令人感到震惊。It shocks you when something like that happens,

他们态度突然改变，使我感到震惊。I was shocked at this sudden change in their attitude,

听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。I was shocked to hear that he was resigned,

他的死讯传来，我们大家都感到震惊。The news of his death came as a shock to us all,

我们必须更新产品包装以便吸引更多的年轻顾客。We must update our packaging in order to attract more young customers,

为了，以便in order to,

为了在天黑前到达，我们早早地动了身。We started early in order to arrive before dark,

in order to,后接动词原形，作目的状语，相当于so as to, 但是so as to,不能位于句首。它们的否定式均为在to,前加not,  

为了能早点到学校，他五点就起床了。He got up at five in order to get to the school earlier,

He got up at five so as to get to the school earlier,

悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒。Go in quietly in order not to wake up the baby,

当后面接从句表示“目的”时，用in order that,或者so that, 后接状语从句且从句常与may,或者，might,或者，can,或者，could, 等情态动词连用。

我把所有事实都告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。I'll give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself,

他们通过空运寄这本书，以使它能及时送到我们手中。They sent the book by air mail in order that it might reach us in time,

可以用它持续拍照达6个小时。It allows you to take photographs continuously for up to six hours,

(数量，程度等)达到up to,

这没有达到你平时的水平。It isn't up to your usual standard,

气温达到了40摄氏度。The temperature went up to forty degrees centigrade,

直到up to,

她一直照顾她的祖父直到他去世。She continued to care for her grandfather up to the time of his death,

能胜任，有资格做up to,

他不能胜任奥赛罗的角色。He is not up to the part of Othello,

干(坏事)；偷偷地干up to,

你一直在搞什么名堂?What have you been up to?,

 某人说了算，由某人决定It's up to somebody,

我们在哪儿度过这个周末呢?由你决定。Where shall we go to spend the weekend?,It's up to you,

重要的是, 你得确切弄清楚想要告诉受众什么，想让他们做什么。It is important to figure out exactly what you want to tell the audience and what you are trying to get them to do,

弄清楚，搞明白；计算出figure out,

我们必须想出如何解决这个问题的办法。We must figure out how to solve the problem,

父亲在设法计算出他的税额。Father is trying to figure out his tax,

为了确定你的目标受众，你有必要事先做些小的调查和分析。In order to determine your audience, you will need to do a little research and analysis in advance,

预先，提前in advance,

他们提前完成了任务。They fulfilled the task in advance,

你可以提前两个小时检查登记。You can check in two hours in advance,

 促进，前进；提高advance,

形容词 先进的，高级的advanced,

高等数学advanced mathematics,

先进的技术advanced technology,

该教授正进行高深的学术研究。The professor is engaged in advanced studies,

英国是一个发达的工业国家。England is an advanced industrial country,

将军挥师前进到新阵地。The general advanced his troops to the new position,

为了使他们对产品以某种方式回应，要始终努力去吸引目标受众，这很重要。It is important to always try to appeal to the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way,

迎合，吸引appeal to,

这本杂志改变了它的内容以吸引更多的读者。The magazine changed its content to appeal to more readers,

 向  呼吁；恳求；求助于appeal to,

我们向他求援。We appealed to him for help,

她恳求我们和她同行。She appealed to us to go with her,

当你在策划广告宣传活动时，你会发现有许多不同的方式让你将信息传达给目标受众。There are lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together an ad campaign,

传达；使某事物被理解get something across,

他不太善于表达自己的意思。He's not good at getting his ideas across,

他教我如何表达自己的意思。He taught me how to get my ideas across,

相处;进展;与 和睦相处 get along with,

继续（干某事）; 和 友好相处get on with,

四处走，消息传开get around,

回来  get back,

收获get in,

下车  get off,

上车get on,

起床get up,

接通电话；完成；通过考试get through,

克服；从  中恢复过来get over,

这种决定的主要依据是目标受众，以及何种广告最能被这一群体所接受。The decision should depend mainly on your target audience and which kinds of ads reach that group best,

依赖；相信；取决于depend on,

依靠，相信，需要  提供(资金，帮助等)depend on somebody to do something,

我就依靠你来遵守诺言了。I'm depending on you to keep your promise,

孩子们必须依赖他们的父母。Children must depend on their parents,

要看情况而定。It all depends,

That depends,

 这完全取决于天气是否会放晴。It all depends on the weather clearing up,

肯定无疑，放心好了。You may depend upon it,

每年全世界的数百万人都死于抽烟。Every year millions of people around the world die due to smoking,

由于；应支付的；预期的due to,

她的病是坏了的食物造成的。Her illness was due to bad food,

应该付给你很多钱。A great deal of money is due to you,

他预计下周去澳大利亚。He is due to leave for Australia next week,

due to,一般不用于句首，而是常常放在系动词之后。

due to,用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有时作状语；

owing to,可以和due to,换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语；

because of,着重某种原因的理由，在句中通常作状语；

thanks to,突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味。

我的成功是由于你的帮助。My success is due to your help,

由于交通堵塞，我担误了航班。Owing to a traffic hold-up, I missed my flight,

I missed my flight because of a traffic hold-up,

多亏了你的帮助，我成功了。Thanks to your help, I succeeded,

每包香烟里都含有会导致肺癌和心脏病的有毒化学物质。Every packet of cigarettes contains poisonous chemicals that can result in lung cancer and heart disease,

导致result in,

工人的不满引起了一场罢工。The unsatisfaction of the workmen resulted in a strike,

不良的生活习惯会导致疾病。Bad living habits will result in disease,

由  造成result from,

结果as a result,

由于  的结果as a result of,

毫无结果without result,