直接引用别人的原话，直接引语。

对别人的原话进行了转述，这就是间接引语。在转述中，人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都有所变化。

约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。”John said, I'm going to London with my father,

 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。John said that he was going to London with his father,

她说：“你经常来这儿看报吗？”She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?”,

她问我是否经常去那儿看报。She asked me if I often went there to read newspapers,

She asked me whether I often went there to read newspapers,

我问他：“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影？”I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”,

我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night,

他问：“晚饭后干嘛不出去走走呢？”“Why don't you take a walk after supper?” he asked,

他建议我晚饭后出去走走。He advised me to take a walk after supper,

 安妮说：”我不想在日记中记流水账。” “I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne,

安妮说她不想在日记中记流水账。 Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary,

一系列事实。一连串的发生的事情。a series of facts,

 安妮的姐姐问她怎么称呼她的日记。Anne's sister asked her what she called her diary,

 安妮的姐姐问她：”你怎么称呼你的日记？”“What do you call your diary?” Anne's sister asked her,

  他解释说：”我从来不吃肉。” “I never eat meat,” he explained,

 基蒂说她会再等一天。 Kitty said she would wait another day,

威尔逊喊道：”这是谁啊？” “Who is it?” Wilson shouted,

我表示反对，她对于这个职位来说太年轻了。 I objected that she was too young for the position,

间接引语，object,“反对”，没有用said,但同样是引出这个人所说的话。

他评价道：“我认为她会及时学会怎么做这件事的。” “I presume,” he commented, “that she will learn how to do it in time,”

“做出评价”comment,

直接引语主句的引述动词主要有say,或者 tell, 或者repeat, 或者explain,或者 think,等。

他说：“我们的火车五分钟内到。” She said, Our train will arrive in five minutes,

 他说他们的火车五分钟内到。 She said their train would arrive in five minutes,

She said that their train would arrive in five minutes,

他说：“我饿了。” He said, I'm very hungry,

 他说他饿了。He said he was very hungry,

He said that he was very hungry,

他补充说，杰森因为不说谎而赔钱。 He added that Jason lost money because he would not tell a lie,

直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化可以归纳成：一随主，二随宾，三不更新。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称来变化。

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

她说：“我兄弟想跟我一起购物。”She said, My brother wants to go shopping with me,

 她说她兄弟想跟她一起购物。She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her,

我对他说：“你把书落在我的房间里”。I said to him, You've left your book in my room,

我告诉他，他把书落在我的房间里。I told him that he had left his book in my room,

史密斯先生说：“杰克是个好工人。”Mr Smith said，Jack is a good worker,

史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker,

注意：一般情况下，连词that,引导的宾语从句往往可以省略that,

 that, 的省略会产生歧义。要保留that, 。

琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left,

如省略that, ，when, 状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left,

当动词后面跟多个that, 引导的从句时，从第二个从句开始that,不能省略。

他说他下周要到欧洲去，并在那里呆半年。He said that he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year,

He said he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year,

直接引语在改为间接引语时，一般现在时变为一般过去时态；现在进行时变为过去进行时；现在完成时变为过去完成时； 一般过去时变为过去完成时；一般将来时变为过去将来时；过去完成时不变。

”  妈妈说：“杰克是个好孩子。”Mother said, “Jack is a good boy,

 妈妈说杰克是个好孩子。Mother said that Jack was a good boy,

”  她说：“我正在看书。”She said, “I am reading a book,

  她说她正在看书。She said she was reading a book,

玛丽说：“这些日子我没有收到父母的来信。”“I haven't heard from my parents these days,” said Mary,

玛丽说那些日子她没有收到父母的来信。Mary said that she hadn't heard from her parents those days,

”他们说：“我们在街上抓到贼了。”They said, “We caught the thief in the street,

他们说他们在街上抓到贼了。They said that they had caught the thief in the street,

她说：“我将去看我朋友。”She said, I will go to see my friend,

她说她将去看她的朋友。She said she would go to see her friend,

她说：“我来这儿前给他打电话了。”She said, I had called him before I came here,

她说她去那儿前给他打电话了。She said that she had called him before she went there,

直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

 老师告诉我们：“地球绕着太阳转。”“The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us,

老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun,

杰克问：“约翰，我在街上碰到你的时候你去哪儿啊？”Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”

杰克问约翰在街上碰到他的时候他正要往哪儿去。Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street,

小王说：“我生于1980年4月21日。”Xiao Wang said, I was born on April twenty-first, nineteen eighty,

小王说他生于1980年4月21日。Xiao Wang said he was born on April twenty-first, nineteen eighty,

直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。

他说：“我每天早上六点起床。”He said, I get up at six every morning,

他说他每天早上六点起床。He said he gets up at six every morning,

如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（ought to, 或者had better, 或者used to,)和已经是过去时的形式时（could, 或者should, 或者would, 或者might,），时态不再变。

彼得说：“你最好今天来这儿。”Peter said, You had better come here today,

彼得说我最好当天去那儿。Peter said I had better go there that day,

现在，当时now,

then,

今天，那天；today,

that day,

 今天晚上，那天晚上。this evening,

that evening,

今晚，那晚。 tonight,

that night,

昨天，前一天yesterday,

the day before,

三天前，三天前；three days ago,

three days before,

下周，下周；next week,

 the next week,

明天，第二天；tomorrow,

the next day,

the following day,

后天，两天后；the day after tomorrow,

 in two days' time,

前天，两天前the day before yesterday,

two days before,

two days earlier,

这里，那里here,

 there,

这个，那个；this,

that,

这些，那些these,

those,

来，去come,

go,

带来，带走bring,

take,

记忆口诀：直引变间引，变化应遵循：时状今变昔，地状近变远，指示这变那，动作来变去

注意：如果在当地转述，here,不必改为there, come,不必改为go,；如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow,等时间状语也不必改变。

律师说：我今天上午来The lawyer said, “I will come this morning,”

 律师说她那天上午会去。The lawyer said that she would go that morning,

他说：这些书是我的，He said, “These books are mine,”

 他说那些书是他的。He said that those books were his,

她说：“现在是九点钟，She said, “It is nine o'clock now,”

 她说那时九点了。She said that it was nine o'clock then,

鲍勃说：我妹妹三天前还在这里Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago,”

鲍勃说他妹妹三天前已经到哪里了。Bob said that his sister had been there three days before,

Bob said that his sister had been there three days earlier,

大卫说：“我今天没见过她。”David said, “I haven't seen her today,”

 大卫说他那天还没有看见她。David said that he hadn't seen her that day,

她说：“我昨天去的。”She said, “I went there yesterday,”

 她说她前一天已经去了那里。She said that she had gone there the day before,

她说：我明天去，She said, “I will go there tomorrow,”

 她说她第二天会去那里。She said that she would go there the next day,

She said that she would go there the following day,

船长说：“他们将在后天到达，The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow,”

船长说他们两天后会到达。The captain said that they would arrive in two days' time,

她说：“前天我来这里看医生，She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday,”

 她说她两天前去那里看了医生。She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days before,

She said that she had gone there to see the doctor two days earlier,

注意：除了say, 间接引语中主句的谓语动词可根据转述时的情景选择其它动词。

“我做了这事。”他说。“I did it,” he said,

 他承认他做了这件事。He admitted that he had done it,

“他对我很粗鲁，”她说。 “He was rude to me,” she said,

 她抱怨他对她粗鲁。 She complained he'd been rude to her,

“你迟到了，”他说。 “You are late,” he said,

 他小声嘀咕着我迟到了。 He whispered that I was late,

“我会说六种语言，”他说。 “I can speak six languages,” he said,

 他吹牛说他能说六种语言。He boasted he could speak six languages,

 “比尔，你最好快点。”他说。 “You had better hurry, Bill,” he said,

 他建议比尔快点。 He advised Bill to hurry,

“我们两点见面好吗？”他说。 “Shall we meet at two?” he said,

 他建议两点集合。He suggested meeting at two,

 “要我帮你吗？”他问道。 “Shall I do it for you?” he asked,

 他主动提出替我做。 He offered to do it for me,

“你能帮我们吗？”他说。  “Could you help us?” he said,

 他叫我帮帮他们。 He asked me to help them,

直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say,或者said,时，要改为ask,或者asked, 原问句变成由连词if,或者whether,引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的可以根据情况加上。

作家说：“你认为日记能成为你的朋友？”“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says,

 作家问我们是否我们认为日记能成为我们的朋友。The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend,

  他说：“你对英语感兴趣吗？”He said, “Are you interested in English?”,

  他问我是否对英语感兴趣。He asked if I was interested in English,

He asked me if I was interested in English,

  她说：“你昨晚看到他了吗？”She said, “Did you see him last night?”,

  她问我是否前一个晚上看到他了。She asked whether I had seen him the night before,

She asked me whether I had seen him the night before,

“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?” Jim asked,

 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。Jim asked whether he had ever worked in Shanghai,

Jim asked if he had ever worked in Shanghai,

那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？”   “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked,

那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital,