doing, being done, 表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生

having done, having been done, 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前

其否定形式是在doing,前加not,

购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去购买不是自己真正需要的东西。While shopping, people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need,

托尼因未被邀请去参加宴会而感到非常生气。Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party,

动词-ing直接置于句首主语的位置上

捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。Playing tricks on others is something we should never do,

说起来容易做起来难。Saying is easier than doing,

用it,作形式主语，而把真正的主语移置句尾，以保持句子平衡。

It+is, 或者was,+ a waste of,+ time,或者money ,+doing,做  是浪费时间或金钱

It+ is, 或者was, +useless,或者no use,或者 no good ,+doing,做  是无用，无益的

It+ is, 或者was,+ worth, 或者worthwhile+ doing,做 是值得的

 覆水难收。It is no use crying over spilt milk,

 这事值得去做。 It's worth making the effort,

 争辩此事是在浪费时间。It's a waste of time arguing about it,

在there is no 结构中通常用动词-ing形式作主语

无法在 ；不允许。There is no doing, There was no doing,

做  没有道理，意义There is no sense doing,

There was no sense doing,

There is no sense in doing,

 There was no sense in doing,

干  无意义 There is no use doing,

There is no use in doing,

There was no point doing,

There was no point in doing,

There is no point doing,

There is no point in doing,

There was no use doing,

There was no use in doing,

这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matter,

你不听劝说，因此征求别人的意见也就没有什么意义了。 You don't take advice so there is no point in asking for it,

 干 没必要，在此句式中to do, 不可换为doing,。There is no need to do something,

 没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her,

动词-ing 形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为或动作；不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或具体意义。

空谈于事无补。Talking mends no holes,

我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。It's an honor for me to be invited to the party,

当动词-ing 形式用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。

我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sister's being ill made me worried,

你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong,

动词-ing形式作动词（短语）的宾语。后接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词（短语），

只能用动名词作宾语的

考虑建议盼原谅，

考虑consider,

建议suggest,

 提倡主张advocate,

盼望look forward to,

原谅forgive,

 原谅pardon,

承认推迟没得想。

承认acknowledge,

 承认admit,

延迟延期postpone,

 延迟delay,

 拖延defer,

回想recall,

 幻想爱好fancy,

避免错过保持练习，

避免avoid,

错过miss,

保持keep, keep on,

练习实践practise,

否定完成停欣赏。

否认deny,

完成complete,

 完成finish,

停止cease,

放弃停止quit,

感激欣赏appreciate,

禁止想象才冒险，

禁止forbid,

 阻止prevent,

设想imagine,

冒险risk,

不禁介意要逃跑。

 不禁Can’t help,

介意mind,

逃跑逃避escape,

我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake,

晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?,

我建议用另一种不同的方法做这件事。I suggest doing it in a different way,

有些动词既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式作宾语， 但含义有所不同：

在like,或者love,或者hate,或者prefer,等动词之后，用动词-ing形式或不定式在意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有所不同，动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

他喜欢早起,但今天却因昨晚熬夜而不想早起。He likes getting up early but doesn't like to get up this morning，because he stayed up late last night,

动词begin,或者start,或者continue,或者intend,之后，用动词-ing形式或不定式均可，意义上无多大区别。

 物价将持续上涨。Price will continue rising,

Price will continue to rise,

 你下一步打算做什么？What do you intend to do next?

What do you intend doing next?,

在动词forget,或者remember,或者regret,之后，用动词-ing形式或不定式则意义会不同。动词-ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。

 我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter,

 我会记着去寄信的。I'll remember to post the letter,

 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret missing the report,

 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 I regret to say I can't take your advice,

在try,或者mean,或者stop,或者go on,或者can't help ,或者be used to, 等后，接动词-ing形式或接不定式作宾语则意义会有所不同。

我们必须设法及时把一切做好。 We must try to get everything done in time,

请你再试一下好吗？Would you please try doing that again?,

 我并不想叫你生气。I didn't mean to make you angry,

选择总是意味着有所放弃。Choice always means giving up something,

做完练习后，他们继续学习下一单元的生词。Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit,

短暂的休息之后，我们继续工作。After a short rest, they went on working,

工作的时候，他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times,

老师进来的时候，他停止了谈话。He stopped talking when the teacher came in,

我不能帮忙做家务了，我太忙了。I can't help do the housework, I am too busy,

I can't help to do the housework, I am too busy,

我禁不住想起我幸福的童年。I can't help thinking of my happy childhood,

木材可以被用来造纸。Wood can be used to made paper,

他已经习惯了一个人生活。He has been used to living alone,

动词allow, 或者advise, 或者forbid, 或者permit, 等后可直接接动词-ing 形式作宾语，不可接动词不定式作宾语，但可以接不定式作宾语补足语。

我们不允许在屋里吸烟。We do not permit smoking in the room,

请允许我说几句话。Please permit me to say a few words,

动词need, 或者require,或者 want, 作“需要”讲时，其后接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。

你的作文需要修改。Your composition needs correcting,

Your composition needs to be corrected,

他的外套需要洗了。His coat wants cleaning,

His coat wants to be cleaned,

动词-ing 形式作介词的宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。

他俩谈话没有不笑的时候。They two can never talk without smiling,

听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴地跳了起来。On hearing the news, all the students jumped with joy,

昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起？What prevented you from joining us last night?,

to,既可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，to,后接动词原形；若是介词，to,后需接动词-ing形式。

你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。You must get used to washing your face with cold water,

他盼望今年暑假见到你。He is looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation,

带介词to,的短语致力于devote to, 或者，反对object to, 或者反对 ; 与 相对be opposed to, 或者, 注意pay attention to, 或者，开始干，着手做get down to, 或者，导致;通向lead to, 或者，坚持;紧随;遵守stick to, 或者，等于;胜任;赶得上;be equal to, 等。

动词-ing形式作宾语时，可用it,作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。

我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。I don't think it possible living in such a cold place,

你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？Do you consider it any good trying again?,

动词-ing 形式作宾语时，其逻辑主语由名词所有格，普通格、形容词性物主代词或代词宾格构成。

你介意我把窗户打开吗？Do you mind my opening the window?

Do you mind me opening the window?,

你能想象杰克在家做饭的样子吗？Can you imagine Jack cooking at home?

Can you imagine Jack's cooking at home?,

目的地;终点 作为目的地的(旅馆、商店、饭店等)destination,

我们的行李一直被托运到最终目的地。Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination,

像巴哈马那样深受大众喜爱的度假胜地popular holiday destinations like the Bahamas,

所以只要输入你想要的目的地，坐下来，睡觉，看电影，随便什么。So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever,

命运destiny,

 命运有时是残酷的。Destiny is sometimes cruel,

票价 ; 车费 ; 船费 ; 出租车乘客 ; 饭菜 ; fare,

儿童交通费减半。Children travel half fare,

Children travel at half fare,

他们什么时候开始买全票？When do they start paying full fare?,

再会;再见 告别;辞行 告别的farewell,

她告别后就离开了。She said her farewells and left,

 欢送会a farewell party,

 告别酒会a farewell drink,

她和儿子道了别。She bade farewell to her son,

出 ; 喊价 ; 投标 ; 努力争取 ; 企图获得 ; 向问候、道别。bid,  bade,

 报酬；费用指付给专业人员的服务费， 也可指为加入某组织或做某事而支付的费用。fee,

医生诊费doctor's fees,

律师费lawyer's fees,

会费membership fee,

为了交下一学期的学费，他在找兼职。He was looking for a part-time job in order to pay his school fees next semester,

 费用，价钱 指商家对欲购买其商品或服务的买者收取的费用。charge,

卖家会送货上门，但是要收取一笔额外费用。The seller will send the goods to your house for an extra charge,

今年年底之前煤气费不会发生变化。Gas charges won't change until the end of this year,

 费用；成本 指为购买商品、完成某事或生产产品而支付的款项。cost,

这次野餐的全部费用大约200元。The total cost of this picnic was about 200 yuan,

他坚持由他来付打车的钱。He insisted that he pay for the cost of the taxi,

 票价 指乘坐火车、汽车、飞机等交通工具的费用。fare,

他没钱买去伦敦的机票。He has no money to pay his air fare to London,

14岁以下儿童票价减半。Children under fourteen travel at half fare,

 价格，价钱 指消费者为购买某种商品或服务而需要支付的钱。price,

零售价retail prices,

那个商场里一件大衣的价格几乎是我每月工资的一半。The price of a coat in that mall is almost half my monthly salary,

 小费 指额外付给餐厅侍者等服务人员的小额服务费。tip,

那名服务生得到了一大笔小费。The waiter received a big tip,

在美国有每餐之后都给小费的习俗吗？Is it customary in the United States to leave a tip for every meal?,

许可证;特许证(尤指限期的) 允许;准许;使有可能permit,

图书馆内不许使用收音机。Radios are not permitted in the library,

工作许可证。work permit,

鲍勃上尉破例允许自己每天抽一支雪茄。Captain Bob permitted himself one cigar a day,

准许 ; 许可 ; 批准 ; 许可证 ; 书面许可permission,

收据 ; 收条 ; 接收 ; 收到 ; 收到的款项，收入 receipt,

订单一到即发货。The goods will be dispatched on receipt of an order form,

派遣 ; 调遣 ; 派出 ; 发出，发送 ; 迅速处理 ;dispatch,

色斑 ; 斑点 ; 小块，小片 ; 补丁 ; 补块 ; 眼罩 patch,

收款 收款凭证receipt of payment,

回来 ; 回去 ; 返回 ; 带回 ; 送回 ; 放回 ; 退还 ; 恢复return,

他在报告中后来又提到这个话题。He returns to this topic later in the report,

罢工过后，列车运营已经恢复正常。Train services have returned to normal after the strike,

溃败 ; 彻底失败 ; 彻底击败 ; 使溃败rout,

敌人已全线崩溃。The enemy was put to rout all along the line,

路线 ; 路途 ; 常规路线，固定线路 ; 途径 ; 渠道 ; route,

哪一条是最佳路线？Which is the best route to take?,

出发前要仔细设计你的路线。Plan out your route before you go,

常规 ; 正常顺序 ; 生活乏味 ; 无聊 ; 一套动作，常规的;例行公事的;日常的;平常的 乏味的；平淡的routine,

她需要摆脱一下刻板的生活。She needed a break from routine,

这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。The fault was discovered during a routine check,

他在一次普通手术中死于心脏病。He died of a heart attack during a routine operation,

常规地;例行地;通常地;惯常地;毫不意外地routinely,