初二(9,1)
他什么时候出生的?When was he born?,
乒乓球运动员 ping-pong player,
太 而不能 too, to,
中国杰出的乒乓球运动员a great Chinese ping-pong player,
开始打嗝start hiccuping,
谱写曲子write music,
电影明星a movie star,
学会骑自行车learn to ride a bicycle,
开始学英语 start learning English,
开始进行体育运动begin playing sports,
慈爱的祖父 a loving grandfather,
著名的小提琴手a famous violinist,
与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间spend all one's free time with somebody,
滑冰 ice skating,
和蔼而慈爱的祖母a kind and loving grandmother,
滑冰冠军 a skating champion,
孩提时期a small boy,
a small girl,
中国著名的钢琴演奏家the famous Chinese pianist,
在 年龄时at the age of,
参加, 加入take part in,
开始学习手风琴begin to learn the accordion,
主修,专修 major in,
因为, 由于because of,
动身去 start for a place,
leave for a place,
be born,出生,born,是动词bear,的过去分词,它与be,构成系表结构be born, 常用在一般过去时,也可用于一般将来时中。
他是什么时候出生的?When was he born?,
另一个婴儿将于下个月出生。Another baby will be born next month,
be born, 后接时间状语时,若只表示出生的月份或年份,则用介词in,
你出生在一月份吗?Were you born in January?,
be born,若表达出生于具体某一天或具体某一天的上午, 下午或晚上,用介词on,
迈克尔 乔丹出生于一九六三年二月十七日。Michael Jordan was born on February seventeenth, nineteen sixty-three,
be born,若表示出生于某一具体时刻,则用介词at,
我出生于早上六点三十。I was born at half past six in the morning,
be born, 后若接地点状语,则其后的介词随地点(大小)的不同而变化,大地点用介词in, 小地点则用介词at,
哈瑞出生于伦敦。Harry was born in London,
汤姆是在家里还是在医院出生的?Was Tom born at home or at hospital? ,
开始,出发,启程。start,
我们六点出发。We started at six,
天开始下雨了。It started raining,
开始,start和begin可以互换。
我们要开始上课了。We will start our lessons,
We will begin our lessons,
但在以下几种情况下,只能用start,不能用begin。
start表示创办,开设时。
去年他开了一家新店。 He started a new shop last year,
start表示机器开动时。
你能发动这辆车吗? Can you start the car?,
start表示出发,动身时。
我们必须早点出发。 We must start early,
become,常作系动词,变得,变成。后直接接形容词或名词作表语,其后一般不接不定式。
他长大后当了一名电脑工程师。He became a computer engineer when he grew up,
become,是一个中性词,用于意义好, 坏两方面的变化都可以。多指身份, 职位等的变化,它强调变化的过程已经完成,后可接名词或形容词。
他成了一名老师。(现在已经是一位老师)He becomes a teacher,
她妈妈听到这个消息时非常生气。Her mother became angry when she heard the news,
get,多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是渐渐变得,后常接形容词的比较级形式。
户外天色越来越暗。It's getting darker and darker outside,
冬季白天变得较短。In winter the days get shorter,
turn,指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。
山里的树叶已变成了棕色。Leaves turned brown in the mountains,
牛奶变质了。The milk has turned bad,
go,可以用在形容词之前来谈论变化,尤其是在非正式文体中。go,在表示颜色和性质的变化的用法很常见。
秋天树叶变红了。Leaves go brown in autumn,
Leaves turn brown in autumn,
不能说:Leaves get brown
突然,眼前一片黑,我失去了知觉。Suddenly everything went black and I lost consciousness,
脸冻得发紫go blue with cold,
难堪得脸发红go red with embarrassment,
因嫉妒而脸色发青go green with envy,
马腿瘸了。Horses go lame,
机器出毛病了。Machines go wrong,
肉变质了。Meat go bad,
鱼变质了。Fish go bad,
蔬菜变质了。Vegetables go bad,
grow表示逐渐变成新的状态的含义。
我的弟弟渐渐长高了。My younger brother is growing tall,
著名的,well-known,
famous,
长江是世界上最著名的河流之一。The Yangze River is one of the most well-known rivers in the world,
The Yangze River is one of the most famous rivers in the world,
他是一个著名的演员。He is a well-known actor,
be well-known for,因 而著名,其中for,表示原因,相当于be famous for,
杭州因西湖而闻名。Hangzhou is well-known for the West Lake,
be well-known as, 作为 而闻名,被称作是 ,其后常接表示身份的词。相当于be famous as,
她妈妈是位有名的模范教师。Her mother is well-known as a model teacher,
参加 ,参与 ,常用于参加讨论, 游行, 比赛, 战斗, 庆祝等群众性的活动。take part in,
你参加运动会了吗?Did you take part in the sports meeting?,
join,是及物动词,常指加入某党派, 团体, 组织等并成为其中一员,join somebody,表示加入某人(群)之中。
你想加入到我们之中吗?Would you like to join us?,
他七岁时就加入了这个足球俱乐部。He joined the football club at the age of seven,
join in,与take part in,用法有时相同,指参加某项活动。
他参加了比赛。He joined in the game,
He took part in the game,
join somebody in + 活动 加入某人的某个活动或加入某人干某事。in后接名词或动名词形式。
她加入到我们的比赛中。She joined us in the game,
我母亲和我一起向你表示美好的祝愿。My mother joined me in sending you our best wishes,
alive,是形容词,活着的,在世的,其反义词为dead,
那条狗是活的还是死的?Is the dog alive or dead?,
有活力的,有生气的。alive,
虽然年老了,但他仍十分活跃。Although he is old, he is still alive,
活着的,在世的 ,表语,定语(后置) alive,
当今伟大的人物the great man alive,
能活着。He may be alive,
living 活着的 定语(既可前置也可后置),表语,既可指人又可指物
生物living things,
当今在世的人没一个比他做得更好。No man living can do better than him,
他仍健在吗?Is he still living?,
live, 活的,有生命的 作定语修饰物
一条活鱼a live fish,
活泼的,生动的,有朝气的 lively,
她是活泼的女孩。She is a lively girl,
这个故事非常生动。The story is very lively,
or,是连词,还是 ,或者 ,表示选择。
哪个强大些,狮子还是老虎?Which is stronger, a lion or a tiger?,
or,还可意为和,也不,用于否定句中的连接。
他没有兄弟姐妹。He has no sisters or brothers,
她不喜欢橙汁和牛奶。She doesn't like orange or milk,
or,也有否则,要不然的意思。
快点,否则你会迟到的。Hurry up, or you'll be late,
把大衣穿上,不然你会感冒的。Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold,
either, or, 要么 要么 ,或者 或者 ,连接两个对等成分。
今天要么你值日要么他值日。Either he or you are on duty today,
注意:either, or, 连接两个主语时,谓语与紧靠谓语的那个主语对应,即就近原则。
because of,是介词短语,由于 ,后跟名词, 代词或动名词。
因为下雨,足球赛延期了。The football match was put off because of the rain,
because,作连词,后跟句子,是主句的直接原因。
因为他病了,所以他今天不在这里。Because he is ill, he isn't here today,
because of,是介词短语,后面不能接从句,后接名词, 代词或动名词。但两者有时可以互换。
因为他病了,所以他今天不在这里。Because he is ill, he isn't here today,
Because of his illness, he isn't here today,
too, to,句型,形式上是肯定的,但表达否定意义,太 而不能 。too,后接形容词或副词的原级,to,后接动词不定式。
他太小了而不能去上学。He is too young to go to school,
too, to, 表否定意义时,可与so, that, 或not , enough to,互换。
too, to, 结构是一个简单句,而so, that,是一个复合句,so,后接形容词或副词,that,后接从句。转换时that,后的从句要用否定形式。
这个人岁数太大,不能去工作了。The man is too old to go to work,
The man is so old that he can't go to work,
too, to, 结构同not, enough to, 结构的互换。enough,前的形容词或副词必须与too,后的形容词或副词意义相反。
这个盒子太重了,他拿不动。The box is too heavy for him to lift,
The box is not light enough for him to lift,
当too,前有not, never, nothing, 等表示否定意义的词时,too, to, 就不表示否定意义。
活到老,学到老。One is never too old to learn,
如果too, to, 结构前出现了only,则加强肯定语气,就无否定意义了。only too,相当于very,或very much,。
我将非常高兴地回家。I shall be only too pleased to go home,
当too后有sad, happy, glad, pleased, 等表示情感的形容词,则表示肯定意义。
听到这个故事,他感到太伤心了。He is too sad to hear the story,
学会做某事。learn to do something,
learn,表示模仿, 实践的学习过程,尤指从不会到会。
当他五岁的时候学会了游泳。He learned to swim when he was five years old,
背诵某东西。learn something by heart,
你们需要背诵这首诗。You need to learn this poem by heart,
向 学习或从 获得知识。learn from,
我们有必要相互学习。It is necessary for us to learn from each other,
获悉,得知,认识 learn of something,
learn about something,
得知你生病了,我很难过。I'm sorry to learn of your illness,
I'm sorry to learn about your illness,
study, 学习,侧重研究, 钻研。
他正在研究这道数学题。He is studying the math problem,
看到某人做某事see somebody do something,
我看见她在舞台上跳舞了。I saw her dance on the stage,
我经常看见他在公园里散步。I often see him walk in the park,
看见某人正在做某事,表示动作正在进行。see somebody doing something,
我看见他在街上散步。I saw him walking in the street,
与see用法类似的,可用不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词主要为感官动词或使役动词,一感(feel,),二听(hear, listen to,),三让(let, have, make,),四看(see, watch, notice, observe,),半帮助(help,)。
look at somebody do something,一般不会使用
help,可用不带to,的不定式,也可用带to,的不定式
我听见有人在屋子里笑。She can hear someone laughing in the room,
她听见那位歌手在舞台上演唱。She heard the singer sing on the stage,
第一个干 的人。the first, to do something,
动词不定式作定语修饰前面的名词或代词。其中的the first可以用其他序数词,如:the second, the third等来代替。
他每天都是第一个到学校的男孩。He is the first boy to get to school every day,
被限定词(only, last, next, 等),序数词(first, second, )或形容词最高级所修饰的名词,后经常用不定式。
吉姆是他们班上唯一能正确回答问题的学生。Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class,
when引导时间状语从句时表示当 的时候, when既可以指时间段也可指时间点, 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词, 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
我一到那里就给你打电话。I'll call you when I get there,
我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner,
如果when,引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句是主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be,动词时, 那么从句中的主语和be,可以省略, 当when,引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用when,+doing,的形式替代该状语从句。
当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。When you are in trouble, ask her for help,
When in trouble, ask her for help,
当我进入房间的时候, 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep,
When coming into the room, I found him lying there asleep,