不定式6
不定式前有行为动词 do ,那么在表语从句中的不定式和介词 except 或 but 之后的不定式可不带 to 。
我能做的唯一一件事就是回家。The only thing I could do was go home
他们只能等待医生的到来。They could do nothing but wait for the doctor to come
在两个动词不定式并列使用时,为了避免重复,后面的不定式符号 to 可省略。
这小姑娘不知道是哭好还是笑好。The little girl hardly knew whether to laugh or cry
你能不能帮我打电话给他,叫他下午两点来开会?Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2 pm
在 help 之后,既可用带 to 的不定式也可用不带 to 的不定式。
我帮你搬箱子,好吗?Can I help to carry the box for you?
Can I help carry the box for you?
在一些固定搭配中用不带 to 的不定式。
他松开了绳子。He let go the rope
我听说不久就要有一次地震。I hear say there will be an earthquake soon
她假装清白。She made believe she was innocent
感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, 以及使役动词 make, let, have, 等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to 。
一感二听三让四看见
一感 feel,
二听 listen to, hear,
三让 have, let, make,
四看见 see, watch, notice, observe,
她看着孩子们穿过了马路。She watched the children cross the street
他们让那男孩因他的粗鲁而向他的朋友道歉。They made the boy apologize to his friend for being so rude
别忘了让他早点儿来。Don't forget to have him come earlier
不定式符号的单独使用
为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词,可以用不定式符号 to 来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构。
在助动词或情态动词之后,将要,be going to ,曾经used to, 不得不,have to, 应该可以ought to ,能够,be able to, 就要 be about to ,等。习惯 be used to, to为介词
她必须走,但你没有必要。She must go but you don't have to
你过去常见她吧?You used to see a lot of her, didn't you?
这与我所习惯的大不相同。It's very different to what I'm used to
现在我们已经适应车辆往来的噪音了。We're used to the noise from the traffic now
你认为我应该去看医生吗? do you think I ought to go to see my doctor?
是的,我想你应该去。 Yes, I think you ought to
在想要的 want 决定decide喜欢 like爱 love 希望 hope 希望 wish意思是 mean 拒绝 refuse 尝试 ,try ,等动词之后。
如果你希望的话,你可以和他们一起去。You may go with them if you hope to
你游览长城了吗? Did you go to see the Great Wall?
我本来想去的,但我太忙了。 I wanted to but I was too busy
在做宾语补足语,问, ask 告诉,tell 命令 order 建议,advise 说服 persuade警告说 warn 愿望 wish 允许 permit 允许 allow 禁止 forbid , 等动词之后。
除非你父亲叫你去做,不然不要做任何事情。Don't do anything unless your father tells you to
我可以用你的汽车吗? May I use your car?
不,我禁止你使用。No, I forbid you to
在对话的答语中快乐, happy高兴, glad 渴望,eager 焦虑, anxious 愿意, willing 准备好,ready高兴, pleased 害怕 ,afraid ,等形容词之后。
你能帮我一个忙吗?Will you lend me a hand?
我很愿意,但现在不行。I'm willing to but I can't now
明天下午来参加我的生日聚会好吗?Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow?
我很乐意。I'll be glad to
如果动词不定式是 to be 或 to have ,则一般不省。
你的工作完成了吗?Did you finish the work?
没有,但我希望已经完成了。No but I hoped to have
他坚持每天早晨朗读半小时英语。He made it a rule to read English aloud for half an hour every morning
这几个小伙子极想去看足球赛。These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match
常见的带不定式符号 to 的短语
应该做某事be supposed to do
决心要做某事be determined to do
未能做某事fail to do
全力以赴做某事go all out to do
有胆量做某事have the nerve to do
很想做某事have a great mind to do
坚持做某事make a point to do
决定做某事make up one's mind to do
不辞辛苦地做某事take the trouble to do
有思想准备做某事prepare oneself to do
介词 to
如果你坚持真理,就没有什么可害怕的。If you stick to the truth you will have nothing to fear
你必须习惯早起。You must get used to getting up early
难道还没到你定下心来阅卷的时间吗?Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers?
常见的带介词 to 的短语
习惯be used to
胜任be equal to
沉溺于be given to
反对be opposed to
与有关be related to
献身于devote oneself to
着手做get down to
引起give rise to
导致lead to
盼望look forward to
反对object to
注意pay attention to
全神贯注于put one's mind to
坚持stick to