情态动词4
shall 表示征询意见或请求指示,用于一、三人称疑问句。
我来帮你搬它,好吗? Shall I carry it for you?
我们唱一支歌,好吗? Shall we sing a song?
让他们在外面等吗? Shall they wait outside?
要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗? Shall the waiter bring meals to your room?
我打开窗子好吗? Shall I open the window?
你打开窗子好吗? Will you open the window?
他打开窗子好吗? Shall he open the window?
shall 表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第一、二、三人称陈述句中。
按我说的做。 You shall do as I say
我告诉你,总有一天他会后悔的。 He shall be sorry for it one day I tell you
如果你一直玩,你就会在考试中落后。 You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing
什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan
我看完这本书就给他看。 He shall have the book when I finish reading
读完这本故事书后我就做作业。 I shall do my homework after reading this story book
should,表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。
儿童应该服从他们的父母。 Children should obey their parents
人千万别自私。 One shouldn't be selfish
没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨,不是吗? Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they?
常与 what, how, why, 等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
我怎么会知道呢 How should I know?
我为什么会害怕? Why should I fear?
除了呼救外,她还能干什么? What should she do but cry for help?
我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 I don't know why you should think I did it
表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测,可译为“可能、照说应该”。
明天可能天是晴天。 it should be fine tomorrow
他可能在洗澡。 He should be taking a bath now
已经快七点了,杰克随时都可能到这儿。 it 's nearly seven o'clock, Jack should be here at any moment
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。 The film should be very good as it is starring first - class actors
表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评(应做的事却没做)。
这些男孩子不应该在踢足球,他们应该在上课。 The boys shouldn't be playing football, They should be at school
没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。 You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission
ought to, 表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做),口气比 should 稍重。
我们应当保卫我们的国家。(每一个公民应尽的义务) We ought to defend our country
你应当尊敬你的父母。 You ought to respect your parents
难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗? Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution?
ought to, 表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是,会是”。
价格可能会很快下跌。 Prices ought to come down soon
韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number
今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。 There's a fine sunset ; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow
ought to, 和 should, 一样,表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
你应该在洗衣服(可是你没洗)。为什么你在打乒乓球? You ought to be washing your clothes, Why are you playing Ping - Pong?
你上周就应当交练习。(可你没交,含责备的意思。) You ought to have handed in the exercise last week
他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。 He ought to have asked me before he took my bike
ought to 表示“应该”,是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。
should 则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
你是她的母亲,你应当照管她。You are her mother, You ought to look after her
我们应该鼓励他,我们是他的同班同学啊! We should encourage him for we are his classmates
表示“义务”时,我们在口语中可以用 had better最好 或 be supposed to, 应该是,来代替 should, 和 ought to, 。
如果你不舒服,你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。 If you are not well you had better ask Alice to go instead
我应该八点到那里。 I'm supposed to be there at eight o'clock
used to 表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在。
他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。(强调现在不喝茶了) He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee
我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了) I know where there used to be a river here
我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。 When I was a child I didn't use to like tomatoes
他已不是原来的他了。 He is not what he used to be
来此之前你住在什么地方? Where did you use to live before you came here?