动词时态10
在“ There be ”句型中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某事时,用动词不定式的主动形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时,则用动词不定式的被动形式。
有许多工作要(人)去做。There is a lot of work to do
有许多工作要做。There is a lot of work to be done
在“ This is +名词+ to do, That is +名词+ to do, ”结构中,如果动词不定式与名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,则用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
这是一个很难回答的问题。This is a hard question to answer
那是一个很好的参观地点。That is a nice place to visit
be going to do, 表示经过事先考虑与打算、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
今天下午我将会写完这份报告。I'm going to finish the report this afternoon
长大以后你打算干什么?What are you going to do when you grow up ?
我要当一名教师。 I'm going to be a teacher
我准备卖掉这辆旧车,买辆新的。I'm going to sell this old car and buy a new one
表示根据某种迹象推测出即将发生的动作。
瞧那天上的乌云,天要下雨了。Look at the dark clouds in the sky, it 's going to rain
当心!我们要撞车了!Watch out ! We are going to crash !
做这件事会有许多困难。There is going to be a lot of difficulty in doing this
Will do, shall do, 表示不涉及主语的主观意愿、单纯性的将要发生的动作,或者表示没有经过事先考虑,只是在说话时决定要去做某事。
我明天将给他写一封信。I shall write him a letter tomorrow
下个月她姐姐就30岁了。Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month
我们真地迷路了。我要停下来问问路。We are really lost, I'll stop to ask someone the way
be doing 表示最近按计划、安排即将发生的动作,它只限用于少数动词,如: play , have , sleep , wear , 等,或表示位移的动词(短语),如: go , come , leave , start , begin , move , drive , fly , go off , get to , arrive , return , see off , stay , take , take off 等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用,如: tomorrow , next week , in a few days 等。
今晚我们要开一个英语晚会。We are having an English evening tonight
简和贝蒂准备几天后各自去度假。Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few day's time
今年夏天你将在哪里度假?Where are you spending your holidays this summer ?
用一般现在时表将来时间,通常强调根据规定或时刻表预计要发生的动作,并常与表示将来的时间状语连用。用于这种结构的动词有 go , come , leave , begin , start , sail , arrive , meet , return ,等。
我乘坐的(那)班(飞)机7点离港。My plane leaves at seven
暑假什么时候开始? When does the summer vacation begin ?
这艘船将在两天内起航。The ship sails within two days
在由 if , unless , even if ,等引导的条件状语从句和在由 when , before , after , until , till , as soon as , by the time , each time , the moment , immediately ,等引导的时间状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
你若不尝试,就决不会成功。Unless you try, you will never succeed
下次我去那里时,我要问问他这件事。Next time I go there, I'll ask him about it
你一得到结果,就请马上告诉我。Please let me know immediately you get the results
be to do, 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或打算要做某事。
新首相今晚将要发表电视讲话。The new Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight
这条新铁路将在国庆节通车。The new railway is to be opened to traffic on National Day
我们安排下个月开始这项试验。We are to begin the experiment next month
be about to do, 表示即将或马上要去做某事,不与具体的时间状语连用;也常与连词 when 构成“ be about to do when ”句式,意为“即将(这时)突然”,
我们就要离开,所以现在没有时间去看他。We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now
库克先生刚要开口,珍妮却先发言了。Mr Cook was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first
他正要把那张纸捡起来,突然一阵风把纸刮跑了。He was about to pick up the piece of paper when a gust of wind blew it away
be on the point of doing 表示马上要发生的事情,即将;临到。意思接近于“ be about to do, ”或“ be just going to do, ”。
那一天,我们有三次快要放弃不干了。Three times during that day we were on the point of giving up
我正要给你打电话,你就回来了。I was on the point of telephoning you when you came back