直接引语间接引语 1
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个 that 引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是 say或者 tell 等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。The foreigner said to me,“I like Beijing very much ,”,
那老外告诉我说他很喜欢北京。 The foreigner told me that he liked Beijing very much ,
她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。She said,“ We are very fond of sports ,”,
她说他们都喜欢体运动。 She said that they were very fond of sports ,
他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again, ”he said ,
他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。( that 可省略) He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again ,
一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词 if 或者 whether ,其主句动词常用 ask,或者 wonder,或者 want to know,或者 didn't know 等。句末不用问号。
我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?My teacher asked me,“ do you like American country music?” ,
我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。 My teacher asked me if I liked American country music,
My teacher asked me whether I liked American country music ,
他问:你没去过北京,是吗?“You haven't been to Beijing, have you ?”asked he ,
他问我是否去过北京。 He asked me if I had been to Beijing ,
He asked me whether I had been to Beijing ,
直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时,用 whether, or或者 or not 连接。
她说:你难道不知道我的电话号码吗?She said,“ Don't you know my telephone number ?”,
她问我是否知道她的电话号码。 She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not ,
汤姆问:你是喜欢这个还是那个?“do you like this one or that one ?”Tom asked ,
汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。 Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one ,
间接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句,注意从句必须用陈述语序,主句谓语动词常用 ask 。
他问:你觉得怎样?He asked,“ How do you like it ?” ,
他问我觉得它怎样。 He asked me how I liked it ,
她问我:你怎么啦?She asked me, “What's the matter with you ?”,
她问我我怎么啦。 She asked me what was the matter with me ,
她问:你有多少本书?“How many books do you have ?”she asked ,
她问我有多少本。 She asked me how many books I had ,
英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形式。
建议做 suggest doing,
迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?“Shall we all go to the film tonight? ”said Michael ,
迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。 Michael suggested going to the film tonight ,
他问:喝杯怎么样?“What about having a drink?” he asked ,
他建议喝一杯。He suggested having a drink ,
建议或者劝告某人做 advise somebody to do ,
詹姆士问:你为什么不徒步旅行?“Why don't you go hiking? ”asked James ,
詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。James advised me to go hiking ,
主动提出要做的事。 offer to do,
他说:你要我寄信吗?He said, “Would you like me to post the letter ?”,
他主动提出寄信。He offered to post the letter ,
要求某人做 ask somebody to do ,
她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?“Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow? ”she said to me ,
她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。 She asked me to take my reference book there the next day ,
直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾语来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用 tell,或者 ask,或者 order,或者 command,或者 request,等词告诉 问、命令、命令、请求 ,句中 please 去掉。
她对我说:请休息一下。She said to me, “Please have a rest ,”,
她要求我休息一下。 She asked me to have a rest ,
她对学生说:大家不要齐声回答。 “Don't all answer at once ,” she said to the pupils ,
她叫学生不要齐声回答。She told the pupils not to answer all at once ,
带有 let 的祈使句(表示请求,建议或命令),可用 suggest +动词 i n g 形式或 suggest + that 从句来表示其相应的意思。
那姑娘说,让我们去散散步吧。“Let's go for a walk,” said the girl ,
这女孩建议去散散步。 The girl suggested going for a walk ,
老师说:让莉莉整理教室。The teacher said, “Let Lily tidy the classroom,”,
老师建议让莉莉整理教室。 The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom ,