状语从句5
D . such ... that
such ... that 如此以致。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构:
1. such + a an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that 从句
Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much .詹妮是如此聪明的女孩,以至我们都非常喜欢她。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door .我们走得匆忙,把门都忘了锁了。
2. such +形容词+复数名词+ that -从句
He gave such important reasons that he was excused .他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。
They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them .这些是十分有意思的小说,大家都想看。
3. such +形容词+不可数名词+ that -从句
He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him .他的进步很快,老师表扬了他。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke .他关窗子用了那么大的劲,玻璃都碎了。
提示: such + a an +形容词+单数名词结构可以和 so +形容词+ aan +单数名词结构互换。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed .→ He told us so funny a story that we all laughed .他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事,大家都笑。
→ The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed .他给我们讲的故事是如此有趣,大家都笑了。
E . such that
such that 可以连用,意思是(是)这样...以致。
Mother's answer was such that she didn't say yes and she didn't say no .妈妈的回答就是这样,既没有同意也没有不同意。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself .他勃然大怒,以致不能自制。
比较: such ... that ...引导的是结果状语从句。
such ... as ...引导的是定语从句(请参考第10章定语从句)。
She had such a fright that she fainted .她吓得昏了过去。
Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage do no happen very often .很幸运,这种破坏性很大的地震并不经常发生。(关系代词 as 在定语从句中作主语)
六、条件状语从句
条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句(见第3章)。引导条件状语从句的有 if ,unless,so as long as ,as so far as ,on condition that,in case,suppose,supposing 等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
a . if if 表示正面条件,意为如果。
If you ask him,he will help you .如果你向他请求,他会帮助你。
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them .如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。
If I do not understand what he says,I always ask him .我不懂他的话时 总是去问他。( if = when )
比较:
if only 和 only if 的对比。
if only 解释但愿,要是就好了,表示一个不可能实现愿望,要用虚拟语气。
only if 解释只有,等于 only on condition that ,从句用陈述语气。
Only if you heat ice,it turns to water .只有当你给冰加热,它才会变成水。
If only I knew !
要是我知道该多好。
B . unless
unless = if not 表示反面条件,意思是如果不、除非。
They will go tomorrow unless it rains .除非明天下雨,否则他们会去的。
( They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain .)
I won't let you in unless you show me your pass .如果你不出示通行证,我就不让你进来。
(= I won't let you in if you don't show me your pass .)
注意:
if ... not 和 unless 通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下,两者是有区别的:
1. unless 多引导真实条件句, if not 可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。
He won't be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard .除非他努力,否则就通过不了期末考试。
He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard .如果他不努力,就通过不了期末考试。
He would pass the final exams if he worked hard .要是他努力的话,他就会通过考试。(非真实条件句。含义是 He doesn't work hard .)
2.如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容, if not 结构不能换成 unless 。如:
I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening .她今晚如果不来我很高兴。
3. unless 引导的状语从句可用否定结构,而 if not 引导的从句不可再用否定结构。
Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand .不要再叫我解释了,除非你真的不懂。
4. unless 能作为介词使用,相当于 except ,而 if not 不可以。
Nothing will come out of it unless disaster .这种事除非引起灾祸之外不会有什么结果。
C . so long as ,as long as ,on condition that
这几个短语意思差不多,都表示只要,条件是。
as / So long as we don't lose heart,we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty .只要我们灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
You may use the room on condition that/ so long as you clean it afterwards .只要你打扫干净后,你就可以使用这个房间。
D . in case
in case 既引导目的状语从句,也可以引导条件状语从句,等于 if it happens that 。
in case I forget,please remind me of my promise .如果我忘了,请提醒我所做的承诺。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty .万一你有什么困难,请给我们一个信儿。