状语从句8
G . as
连词 as ,同 though 一样,也可以引导让步状语从句,但从句中要用特殊语序。
Young as he is ,he knows a lot .他虽然年轻,但懂得很多。 ( = Though he is young,he . )
Cold as it is ,the children play outdoors .虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。
H . if
if 有时也可用于让步状语从句,相当于 even if 。
If he is poor,he is at least honest .尽管他穷,但至少他很诚实。
We'll go if it rains .即使下雨我们也要去。
I'll do it if I die in the attempt .即使会丧命我也要试一下。
注意:有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中,如果谓语含有动词 be ,主语又和从句中的主语一致,或者主语是 it ,常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词 be )省略掉。
Look out for cars when crossing the street .过街时当心车辆。
( = when you are crossing the street )
She hurriedly left the room as though angry .她急匆匆地走出屋去,好象很生气的样子。
( = as though / if she was were angry )
If possible,I'd like to have two copies of it .可能的话,我想要两本。 ( = if it is possible,)
She advised me not o say anything unless asked .她劝我别说什么,除非有人要我说。
( = unless I was asked )
as a young man,he studied law and became a lawyer .他年轻时就学了法律,并当了律师。
( = as When he was a young man,)
a .目的状语从句常由从属连词 so that , in order that 引导,且其谓语动词中常含 can / could , may / might , will / would 等情态动词。这时主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。例如:
1. You should keep the young plants in the shade so that they can't be burnt .为了不使小苗被晒坏,你应该把它们放在阴凉处。
2. He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus .他早起是为了赶头班公交车。
3. We should add some fertilizer to the field so that the plants could grow big and strong .为了让农作物长得又大又壮,我们应该给田地施肥。
B .结果状语从句常由 so that , so that , such that 引导。这时主句和从句之间有时用逗号隔开,从句谓语动词中一般不含情态动词。例如:
1. He got up early so that he caught the first bus .他起得早,结果赶上了头班公交车。
2. The plan for planting trees around the village was so good that all the villagers agreed to carry it out .在那个村子四周植树的计划非常好,结果所有的村民都同意执行。
3. The teacher is so good that all her students love her .那位老师是这样好,以至于所有的学生都喜欢她。
二. that 引导的同位语从句与 that 引导的定语从句
a . that 在其引导的定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它在从句中作宾语时,常可省略。例如:
1. The finger that I sucked was not the one that I had dipped into the mixture .我吮吸的手指不是我蘸到混合液中的那个手指。
2. We'll visit the factory that makes toys for children .我们将去参观儿童玩具制造厂。
B . that 在其引导的同位语从句中不作任何成分,而且 that 前面通常有 idea , fact , news , hope , truth思想、事实、新闻、希望、真理 等名词。在意义上, that 从句与这些名词之间可加“是”动词。此时的 that 不能省略。例如:
1. The whole country was sad at the news that Lincoln was murdered .听到林肯遭暗杀的消息,全国上下都很悲痛。
2. We expressed the hope that we should be given another chance to do the experiment .我们表达了一个愿望,希望再有一次机会去做那个实验。
三.强调句型与含形式主语 it 及其指代的 that 从句的句型
a .强调句型的标志是“ it is / was that ”。如果去掉这个标志,句子结构仍然完整。例如:
1. it was in nineteen sixteen that a terrible earthquake hit San Francisco .就在一九一六年旧金山发生了大地震。
去掉“ it was that ”后,句子即成: a terrible earthquake hit San Francisco in nineteen sixteen .
2. Was it at a theater that Lincoln was murdered ?林肯是在一个剧院里遭到暗杀的吗?
去掉“ Was it that ”后,句子即成: Lincoln was murdered at a theater .
B .在含形式主语 it 及其指代的 that 从句的句型中,去掉 it ,再把 that 从句移置句首,仍为一个完整的结构。例如:
1. it is suggested that we should hold the meeting another day .(= That we should hold the meeting another day is suggested .)
有人建议我们改天开会。
2. it is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .(= That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact .)
英国逐渐成为国际语言是一个事实。
四. such that 引导的结果状语从句与 such as 引导的定语从句
a . such that 引导结果状语从句时, that 只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分。从句中不作句子成分的意思是从句是一个完整的句子。例如:
1. it is such a heavy stone that none of us can lift it .这是一块很沉的石头,以至于我们没有人能搬动它。
2. it is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it .这是一本非常有趣的书,以至于我们都想读一读。
B . such as 引导定语从句时, as 在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
1. it is such a heavy stone as none of us can lift .这是一块沉重得我们没有人能搬得动的石头。
2. it is such an interesting book as all of us want to read .这是一本非常有趣的、我们都想看的书。
3. She is such a good girl as is loved by everyone .她是一个人见人爱的好姑娘。