状语从句9
一.由动词转化成的连词
1. suppose (如果,假使)引导条件状语从句。例如:
(1) Suppose it rains, what shall we do ? 如果天下雨,我们该怎么办?
(2) Suppose a lion should come out of the forest ? 要是有一头狮子从树林中跑出来咋办?
2. save (除了,只是)引导状语从句,表示伴随状况。例如:
a similar timetable has been used, save that the morning break is shorter .已经采用了差不多相同的时间表,只是早上的休息时间缩短了。
二.由分词转化成的连词
这类连词有两种:一种是由现在分词转化成的连词,另一种是由过去分词转化成的连词。
1.现在分词
由现在分词转化成的连词有 seeing (考虑到), supposing (假定), providing (如果的话), considering (考虑到)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:
(1) He can stay here providing he works .如果他工作的话,他可以留在这儿。
(2) Supposing that you've made some progress, you should not be proud .假定你有了一些进步,你也不应该骄傲自大。
(3) Considering they are newcomers, they've done very well .考虑到他们是新来的,他们已经做得很好了。
2.过去分词
由过去分词转化成的连词有 provided (如果的话;以为条件), granted (假定;即使)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:
(1) You may go, provided your work is done .如果你的工作做完了,你就可以走了。
(2) Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't mean he's going to do so .即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,他也不一定会这么做。
三.由副词转化成的连词
directly 和 immediately 均表示“一就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:
(1) Directly I had done it , I knew I had made a mistake .我刚做完这件事,就知道出错了。
(2) I came immediately I'd eaten .我一吃完就来了。
四.由名词转化成的连词
由名词转化过来的连词,前面一般都有定冠词。
1. the moment, the instant, the minute 这几个词组都表示“一就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:
(1) I will meet you the instant you arrive .你一到我就去见你。
(2) The moment you leave, please tell me .你一动身就请告诉我。
2. the first (或 second, next, last ) time (或 moment )表示“在某一次的时候”,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:
I liked her the first time I met her .第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。
五.由介词短语转化成的关联连词
由介词短语转化成的关联连词很多,而且还在不断增加。常见的有 for fear that (唯恐), in case that (假使), in order that (为了), on condition that (如果), with the result that (结果)等,可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如:
(1) He hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests .他急忙赶回家,唯恐见不到他的客人。
(2) in case I'm late, start without me .如果我来晚了,你们不必等我。
(3) I was in the bath with the result that I didn't hear the telephone .我正在浴室里洗澡,结果没有听见电话铃响。
(4) They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony .为了能及时参加开幕典礼,他们乘飞机到了那里。
一.误用关系词
1。我永远不会忘记我们一起在农场度过的日子。
2。这是上个月他被邀请参观的工厂 上个月他被邀请参观。
错误1. I'll never forget the days when we spent together on the farm .
错误2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month .
分析:
定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时,引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是 when 或 where .
关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语,就用关系代词 that 或 which 作宾语。
如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词,就用关系副词。
There are times when I wonder why I do this job.有时候我也不明白自己为什么要干这个工作。
Sunday is the only day when I can relax.星期日是我唯一可以休息的日子。relax是不及物动词
It's one of the few countries where people drive on the left.这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。
I don't recall where I met him. 我记不起在哪儿见到他的了。
在句1和句2中,从句谓语动词 spent 和 visit 都是及物动词,而且后面又没有宾语,所以应分别将 when 和 where 改为 that 或 which .
1. I'll never forget the days that we spent together on the farm .
2. This is the factory that he was invited to visit last month .
二.宾语重复
1。我们都知道 地球是圆的。
2。经理讨论了计划 他们希望看到它在下个月实行。
错误1. as we all know it , the earth is round .
错误2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month .
分析:如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。
在句1中,关系代词 as 作从句谓语动词 know 的宾语,因此, it 就是多余的,应去掉。在句2中,关系代词 that 在从句中作动词 see 的宾语,因此 it 也是多余的,应去掉。
as we all know, the earth is round
The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next month .
三.缺少先行词或关系词
1。这是他父亲工作的公园吗
2。我去了他们长大的村庄。
错误1. is this park where his father works ?
错误2. I went to the village they grew up .
分析:定语从句前面必须有先行词和关系词。
在句1中,关系副词 where 前缺少先行词,所以应在 where 前面加上先行词 the one (代表 this park )。
work 是不及物动词用where
在句2中,先行词 the village 和定语从句之间缺少关系词,谓语动词 grew up 为不及物动词,所以应在先行词 the village 后面加上关系副词 where .