宾语从句 2
G .关于 that 的省略
一般情况下,宾语从句中的 that 是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下, that 一般不可省略。
1.介词后面的 that 不能省。
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless .彼得是好学生,只是有时粗心。
2.并列连词 and 连接两个或两个以上宾语从句, and 前面的 that 可以省略, and 的后面的 that 不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened .大家都明白所发生的事情这是汤姆非常害怕。
My uncle says ( that ) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month .我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了,下个月即将退休。
3. that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时, that 不可省略。
That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe .我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.主句谓语动词与 that 从句之间有插入语, that 不可省略。
He said that, if he could manage it , he would come for dinner .他说,如果他安排得好的话,他会来吃晚饭的。
5.宾语从句中有其他从属连词时, that 不能省略。
He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night .他告诉我,如果需要的话,他们就干个通宵。
H .宾语从句的否定转移
在 think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy,hope考虑 认为,认为 假设、期望、幻想、希望 等动词后的宾语从句,如有否定意思,一般要把否定词前移到主句的语上,从句的谓语用肯定的形式。
I don't think he can do it better than me .我想他不会干得比我好。
I don't believe they have finished their work yet .我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don't suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的,是吗?
提示:
在下列情况下,宾语从句不否定转移:
1. think 等词前有副词和表示强调的 do
I really expect he wont fail the examination .我真希望他不会不通过考试。
I do think that he is not fair .我确实认为他是不公正的。
2. think 等词和其他词构成并列谓语
I think and hope that he won't cheat at cards .我想,也希望他打牌不会作弊的。
3. think 等词作为插入语
His decision is not wise, I think .我觉得他的决定并不明智。
I .使用虚拟语气的宾语从句
1.在 suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire 等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气,即 should +动词原形, should 常被省略。
He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision .他建议我们对最后的决定作进一步讨论。
She insisted that they should show her their passports .她坚决要求他们向她出示护照。
2.在 wish 后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。
How I wish I had learned more !我多么希望我以前多学一些啊!
He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad .他希望能再有一次出国的机会。
J .含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句
①反意疑问句一般与主句一致。
He said they were going to help me, didn't he ?他说过他们要帮我,不是吗?
She told you that the mat was her own work, didn't she? 她告诉过你这个垫子是她亲自做的,是吗?
②当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是 think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时,反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。
I suppose you're serious, aren't you ?我想你是当真的,不是吗? ( 不可用 don't I )
I don't suppose he's serious, is he ?我想他不是当真的,是吗? ( 不可用 do I )
提示:
如果主语是第二、第三人称,则疑问句部分与主句一致,且不存在否定转移的问题。
You don't think we can speak English, do you ?你认为我们不会说英语,对吗?
He thinks he's got the right answer, doesn't he ?他认为自己找到了正确的答案,是吗?