独立主格1
非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,称为独立主格结构
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you , you will surely succeed sooner or later .有这么能干的人来帮你 你迟早一定会成功的。( such an able man 和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系)
= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later .
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story .他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。( seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语 he ,注意是“主格”)
= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story .
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school .由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。( lost 的逻辑主语是 the key , lost 也可以用完成式 having been lost )
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school .
a .不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother to come tonight , he is busy preparing the dinner .他母亲今晚要来 他正在忙着准备饭菜。(= as his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner .)
—— will you go to the concert tonight ?你今晚去听音乐会吗?
—— sorry . So many exercise - books to check, I really can't afford any time .对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。
(= Because I shall check so many exercise - books tonight, I really can't afford any time .)
The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book .我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(= The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book .)
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly - built school will look even more beautiful .种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。 ( = if many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly - built school will look even more beautiful . )
如果不定式形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用不定式的被动形式的独立主格结构。
B .- ing 形式“独立主格结构”
动词的- ing 形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Being ill, he went home .由于生病 他回家了。(= as he was very ill, he went home .)
Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine .在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志。(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine .)
1.表示时间的- ing 形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class .每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句 When everyone was ready )
The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated .每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。(相当于一个时间状语从句 after everyone was seated )
2.表示原因的- ing 形式作“独立主格结构”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave .由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于一个原因状语从句 Because the boy led the way )
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous .许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧张。(相当于一个原因状语从句 as many eyes were watching him )
必背:
含有 being 的独立主格结构。
it being National Day today , the streets are very crowded .今天是国庆节 街上很拥挤。
= as it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded .
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home .没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
= as there was no further business to discuss, we all went home .
3.表示条件的- ing 形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week .时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊。(相当于一个条件状语从句 if time permits )
My health allowing, I will work far into the night .我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(相当于一个条件状语从句 if my health allows )
4.表示方式的- ing 形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest .学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句 and each wears a card in front of his chest )
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky .男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空。(相当于一个并列分句 and his eyes were looking at the sky )