C ． with +名词代词+介词短语

He stood at  the door， with a  computer in  his hand .或

He stood at  the door， computer in  hand .他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at  the door， and a  computer was in  his hand .

Vincent sat at  the desk， with a  pen in  his mouth .或

Vincent sat at  the desk， pen in  mouth .文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

= Vincent sat at  the desk， and he had a  pen in  his mouth .

D ． with +名词代词+动词的- ed 形式

With his homework done， Peter went out to  play .作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done， Peter went out to  play .

With the signal given， the train started .信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

= After the signal was given， the train started .

I wouldn't dare go home without the job finished .工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished .

E ． with +名词代词+动词的- ing 形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him .有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him .

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it  was .小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it  was .

Without anyone noticing， he slipped through the window .他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing， he slipped through the window .

F ． with +名词代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad， with so much homework to  do  .有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to  do  .

The kid feels excited with so many places of  interest to  visit .有这么多的名胜古迹可参观，小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as  there are so many places of  interest to  visit .

提示：

在 with / without 的复合结构中，多数情况下 with 能省略，但 without 不能省略。

Without a  word more spoken， she left the meeting room .她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（ without 不能省略）

四、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。

a  ．作状语

独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。

1．表示时间

Night coming on， we put ourselves up  in  a  small hotel .夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

（= When night came on， we put ourselves up  in  a  small hotel .）

All the guests seated， they began their dinner .所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。

（= When all the guests were seated， they began their dinner .）

With everything she needed bought， Grace took a  taxi home .所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（ After everything she needed was bought， Grace took a  taxi home .）

2．表示原因

With a  lot of  difficult problems to  settle， the newly - elected president is  having a  hard time .有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

（= as  he has a  lot of  difficult problems to  settle， the newly - elected president is  having a  hard time .）

There being no means of  transportation， he had to  walk home at  midnight .由于在半夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

( = as  there was no means of  transportation， he had to  walk home at  midnight . )

3．表示条件

Weather permitting， we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week .如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

（= if  weather permits ， we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week .）

All the work done， you can have a  rest .所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（= as  long as  all the work is  done， you can have a  rest .）

Everything taken into consideration， the plan seems to  be  more practical .如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。

（= if  everything is  taken into consideration， the plan seems to  be  more practical .）

提示： 表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。

【误】 When class being over， the students left their classroom .

【正】 Class ( being ) over， the students left their classroom .下课了，学生都离开了教室。

【误】 The moon appearing and they continued their way .

【正】 The moon appearing， they continued their way .月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。

4．表示伴随情况或补充说明

The strange man was walking down the street， with a  stick in  his hand .那个奇怪的男人在街上走着 手里拿着根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street， and he carried a  stick in  his hand .）

The murderer was brought in ， with his hands tied behind his back .杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。

（= The murderer was brought in ， and his hands were tied behind his back .）

Two hundred people died in  the accident， many of  them children .有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。

（ Two hundred people died in  the accident and many of  them were children .）

B ．作定语

独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is  the person with a  lot of  questions to  be  settled . ( with 的复合结构作定语 修饰 the student )

他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

= He is  the person who has a  lot of  questions to  be  settled .

You can use a  large plastic bottle with its top cut off . ( with 的复合结构作定语 修饰 bottle )

你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a  large plastic bottle whose top was cut off .

He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides .他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。 ( without 的复合结构作定语 修饰 the road )

= He was walking along the road that didn't have any street lights on its both sides .