独立主格4
需要提示的是,不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。
If you stand on the top of the mountain , the park looks more beautiful .如果你站在山顶上 公园看上去更美。(状语从句的主语为第一二人称不要改为独立主格结构,)
If you check your test paper carefully , some mistakes can be avoided .如果你仔细检查试卷的话,有些错误是可以避免的。(状语从句的主语为第一二人称不要改为独立主格结构)
从句和主句的主语相同,则不可改为独立结构。
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后,学生很快离开了课室。
Class over, the students soon left the classroom.
在"名词(或代词)+介词短语"构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
Miss Smith entered the classroom book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom with a book in her hand.
独立主格结构没有所有格形式
The chief-editor arriving we began the meeting. 主编来了,我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
比较动名词复合结构:The chief-editor’s arriving made us surprised. 主编的到来使我们感到惊讶。
5.完成式的使用
独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时 可用完成时 表示该动作发生在谓语之前
The listeners having taken their seat; the concert began听众坐好后 音乐会开始了。
Tom having been late over and over; his boss was very disappointed由于汤姆一再迟到 他的老板非常失望
1. 介词短语用作插入语 常作插入语的介词短语有:in fact(事实上),in one’s opinion(在某人看来),of course(当然),above all /first of all (首先),by the way (顺便)等。如:
Above all, you must follow your teacher’s advice. 最重要的是,你必须听从老师的建议。
As a result, we must water the crop fields. 因此,我们必须浇灌庄稼地。
In my opinion, he is an honest boy.在我看来,他是个诚实的男孩。
2. 副词用作插入语 常作插入语的副词有:certainly(当然),surely(无疑),indeed(的确),however(然而),fortunately(幸运的是),luckily(幸运的是),probably(大概),personally(就个人来讲)等。 如:
Unfortunately, I was caught in the rain.不幸的是,我被雨淋了。
Personally, I’d rather go to the opera theatre.就我个人而言,我宁愿去歌剧院。
Surely, you must finish the task by dint of hard work.当然,你必须靠努力完成这项任务。
3. 不定式作插入语 常作插入语的不定式有:to be frank(坦率地说),to tell(you )the truth(老实说),to be sure(当然)等。 如:
To tell you the truth I didn’t want to go with you.说实话,我不想和你一起去。
4. V-ing 分词短语作插入语 常作插入语的V-ing分词短语有:generally speaking(一般来讲),generally considering(一般认为),strictly speaking(严格地说),judging from/by (根据……来判断)等。 如:
Judging from your accent, you must be from England. 从你的口音来看,你一定是英国人。
Generally speaking, this is a rule for protection our school.总而言之, 这是保护我们学校的规则。
5. 分句作插入语 常作插入语的分句有:I think(我认为),I hope (我希望),I’m afraid(恐怕),What’s more(而且),What’s worse(更糟的是),You see (你清楚)等。如:
You see, they didn’t trust me . 你是知道的,他们不信任我。
He will come on time I think. 他会准时来的,我想。
(注意:这个句子如把插入语I think放在句首,它就成为主句,而后面的句子成为宾语从句成份,即:I think (that )he will come on time.我想他会准时来的。
6. 常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语有 sure enough果然; worse still更糟糕的是; true真的, funny真可笑, strange to say说也奇怪,True to say 说真的, needless to say不用说, most important of all最为重要的是等,表现了说话人的情感或态度等。
Strange to say (或True) ,I was just thinking that myself.说也奇怪(或说真的),我自己刚才也正想着那件事呢。
Most important of all , you each over fulfilled your own task.更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。
7. 过去分词短语作插入语
Painted white, we like the house better. 漆成白色,我们更喜欢这房子。
注意:之所以称它为插入语,是由于这种过去分词是独立的,没有逻辑主语。
8. 用标点符号引导插入语
He was (strange as it seems)an excellent sportsman. 他(尽管还显得令人不解)是个出色的运动员。
He was -to me at least if not to you-a figure that was worth having pity on.至少我觉得如此,即使你不这样认为,他是一个值得同情的人。