被动语态2
B .“ get +过去分词”结构
被动语态除常用“ be +过去分词”构成外,还可用“ get +过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中,强调动作的结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school .那孩子骑车上学时受伤了。
Did your letter get answered 你收到回信了吗?
注意:
用“ get +过去分词”结构时,其后的动作执行者(即 by 短语)一般不表示出来。
Finally his bike got repaired .最后他的自行车得到了修理。
as I passed by my skirt got caught on a nail .我经过的时候,我的裙子被钉子挂住了。
C .“ seem /appear/become +过去分词”结构
有时“ seem/appear +过去分词”也可以构成被动语态。
She seemed annoyed by his words .她似乎被他的话搞得很恼火。
The house appears deserted .这房子好像没人居住。
The wound has become inflamed. 伤口发炎了。
She has virtually become our adviser. 她无形中成了我们的顾问。
提示:
并不是所有的“ be +过去分词”结构中的 be 都能被 get 或 seem appear 等词代替。
【误】 She got born in a small village .
【正】 She was born in a small village .她出生在一个小村庄。
【误】 The old man got offered a large sum of money .
【正】 The old man was offered a large sum of money .这位老人获得了一大笔钱。
【误】 Colin got caught cheating in the exam .
【正】 Colin were caught cheating in the exam .科林考试作弊被抓住了。
在口语中,过去分词之前常用get代替be,构成被动语态。
I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路,结果迷路了。
We were surprised at the news that she got divorced.听到她离婚的消息,我们都很惊讶。
二、用法归纳
能够用于get后构成被语态的过去分词不多,常见的有arrested broken caught cheated confused 被捕、破碎、被捕、被骗、困惑、 delayed divorced dressed drowned drunk 拖延、离婚、穿衣、溺水、醉酒、elected engaged hit killed 当选、订婚、殴打、杀害、lost married stuck迷路、结婚、卡住等。
I got dressed as quickly as I could.我尽快穿好衣服。
I got caught in the deluge on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。
I got drunk for the first time in my life last night.昨晚我有生以来第一次喝醉了。
She nearly got hit by a car.她差点被汽车撞上了。
Don't play with knives. You might get hurt.不要玩刀子,说不定会伤着自己。
Happily none got killed in that accident.幸亏那起车祸没有造成死亡。
I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost.我给你一张地图 这样你就不会迷路了。
They were walking out for years before they got married.他们恋爱多年才结婚。
下面四种句型改为被动句,通常用“be+过去分词”结构,不能用“get+过去分词”结构:(1)含有双宾语的结构;(2)“动词+名词+介词短语”的结构;(3)含有that引导的宾语从句的句子;(4)句子的谓语是感官动词如hear see watch observe listen to look at 等。例如:
His mother gave him a new book.(双宾语)他母亲给了他一本新书。
A new book was given to him by his mother.(被动语态)
You must pay special attention to your pronunciation.(“动词+名词+介词短语”结构)你必须特别注意你的发音。
Special attention must be paid to your pronunciation.(被动语态)必须特别注意你的发音。
They expected that I should be back before Monday.(含有that引导的宾语从句)他们期望我星期一前回来。
It was expected that I should be back before Monday.(被动语态)大家期望我星期一前回来。
I heard him knocking at the door.(谓语动词是感官动词hear)我听见他在敲门。
He was heard knocking at the door(.被动语态)有人听见了他敲门。
三、与“be+过去分词”的区别
区别一
“be + 过去分词”多用来表示一般的动作或情况,而“get + 过去分词”则多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。
The food was burnt.食物被烧了。
The food will get burnt if you don't take it away from the fire.如果你不把食物从火上拿开,就会被烧掉。
区别二:
be + 过去分词”的进行时表示动作正在进行,而“get + 过去分词”的进行时则表示动作即将发生。
He is being punished by his father.他父亲正在惩罚他。
The water in the river is getting polluted.河里的水即将被污染。
区别三
get + 过去分词”表示突然发生而未曾料到的情况,虽可表示状态,但更强调动作,而“be + 动词的过去分词”多表示状态。
My watch got broken while I was playing with the children.我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。
Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.绝不要动断了的电线。
D .被动语态中常用的介词
1. by 表示动作的执行者或施加者
By whom is the book written ? 这本书是谁写的?
The children were driven indoors by the rain .孩子们被雨赶进了室内。
2. with 表示用某种工具
The wolf was killed with a gun .狼被枪打死了。
The field was spread with wild flowers .田野里野花遍地。
3. from 表示源于某种物质(看不出原材料)
Good wine is made from grain .好酒是粮食制成的。
4. of 表示用某种材料制成(看得出原材料)
The table is made of wood .这张桌子是用木头做的。
5.其他介词
You are wanted on the phone .有电话找你。
He is known to everybody .大家都认识他。
She was caught in the rain .她遭雨淋了。
注意:
动作执行者可以由介词 by 引出的短语表示,但被动语态句子中的 by 短语并不总是表示动作执行者。
a policeman is known by the clothes he wears .警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。( by 表示方式)
He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner .她邀请他吃晚饭,他受宠若惊了。( by 表示原因)
The snow was piled high by the gate .门口雪堆积得很高。( by 表示地点)