take by surprise . fill with surprise or amazement；astonish 使吃惊；使惊奇

Your good examination results have taken all the teachers by surprise．你考试的好成绩使得所有老师都感到吃惊。

When our teacher quit in the middle of the year to work for the government，it took us all by surprise．我们的老师在年中辞职去政府部门供职时，我们都感到吃惊。

take by surprise . appear in front of somebody suddenly；come before somebody is ready 出其不意地出现；在（某人）未准备妥当之前来到

The passenger took the thief by surprise．He caught the latter's hand as it sneaked into his pocket．那位旅客在扒手刚把手伸进他的口袋里的时候，突然抓住了他。

Our guests came half an hour early，taking my mother by surprise．我们的客人提前半小时来了，弄得我妈妈措手不及。

 take care . be careful 当心；注意；小心

In busy city streets special care should be taken．在繁忙的城市街道上，应该特别小心。

Care should be taken to see that a letter is properly addressed．要注意把信封上的地址写对。

Take care that you don't slip on the icy roads．注意，不要在结了冰的路上滑倒。

Take care not to make the same mistake again．当心，不要再犯同样的错误。

take care of . take charge of；look after 照顾；照看

The nurse takes good care of the baby．保姆把婴儿照顾得很好。

“Don't worry about me while you're away；I'll be taken good care of by our neighbours．”“你外出期间不要挂念我，邻居们会很好地照顾我的。”

take care of . be responsible for 负责

Will you take care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的聚会买酒好吗?

Don't worry about this．I'll take care of it ．这事不要担心，我会负责处理的。

take care of . be careful of 当心；注意

You must take much care of your handwriting；it,is,so illegible．你得特别注意书法，你的字迹太潦草了。

She never takes care of her wording．她从来不注意自己的措辞。

take charge of . take the management of；become responsible for 负责

Professor Smith takes charge of the literature class．史密斯教授负责文学班。

The secretary took charge of the matter until her boss returned．秘书负责这件事直到老板回来为止。

She offered to take charge of all the arrangements for the conference．她主动提出来负责会议的一切安排。

take charge of . assume control of控制

When the fire started，the police and firemen quickly took charge of the situation．着火时，警察以及消防队员很快就控制了火势。

 take delight in . find delight in喜欢

Some people take delight in harming others．有些人以害人为乐。

Our monitor takes delight in helping others．我们的班长乐于助人。

He takes delight in playing chess．他喜欢下棋。

take down . remove；get by lifting down 移动

Please take down the books from the shelf．请把书从架上取下来。

take down . write in shorthand；write down；record 用速记记录；记录；速记

The policeman took down all particulars of the accident．警察把事故的所有细节都记录下来了。

She took down the speech in short hand．她用速记法把演讲记了下来。

take down . diminish the pride or arrogance of；humiliate 挫某人的傲气；挫锐气

A person who is always trying to take other people down gets himself disliked．老是企图让别人丢面子的人不讨人喜欢。

Margaret has too high an opinion of herself．Someone must take her down a bit．玛格丽特太自负了，应当有人挫一挫她的傲气。

take down . dismantle；pull or take apart 拆卸；拆散

The workmen are now taking down the scaffolding round the building．工人们正在拆卸建筑物周围的脚手架。

Carpenters took down the old house in order to build a new one．木工们拆掉那老房子，以便建一幢新房。

take down . fall sick；become ill 病倒

He was taken down with fever．他因发烧而病倒了。

take down . cheat 欺骗

The plausible rogue took me down over that bargain．这花言巧语的流氓在那宗交易中欺骗了我。

Only when he got the camera home and began to examine it did he realize that he had been taken down at the pawnbroker's．当他回家检查买回来的照相机时，才发觉自己在当铺里受骗了。

take down . swallow with difficulty 困难地吞下

Take the medicine down and do not stop to think about it ．把药吞下去，吞的时候不要停下来想它。

take effect . become effective 生效

The medicine took effect two hours ago．药两小时前就产生了效果。

take effect . go into operation 实施

The new rule took effect last month．新规则上个月开始实施了。

When does the new law take effect? 这项新法律什么时候生效?

take exception to . disagree with；dislike 不同意；不喜欢；对…表示异议

In his speech，the economist put unemployment above inflation but other experts took exception to his statement．在演讲中，这个经济学家把失业问题看作比通货膨胀问题更重要，但是其他专家不同意他的观点。

Great exception was taken to his remarks by all the older members of the family．家里的老人对他的谈话很不高兴。

There was nothing in the speech that you could take exception to．这篇演讲无可非议。