while,从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。

来吧，趁我泡茶的时候把这些东西拿走。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea,

While,并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。

有些人浪费食物，而另一些人却不够。Some people waste food while others haven't enough,

While,放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although,。

虽然我们不同意，但我们仍然很友好。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly,

特殊地；尤其是especially,

 especially,侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。

 我喜欢学校的所有科目，尤其是英语。I like all the subjects at school, especially English,

especially, 后可接介词短语或从句。

我喜欢岳麓山，尤其是在春天。 I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring,

噪音是令人不快的，尤其是当你想睡觉的时候。 Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep,

specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 后面常接for somebody, 或者to do something,

我专门为你做了一个巧克力蛋糕。I made a chocolate cake specially for you,

 令人厌烦的 boring,

这本书很无聊。The book is very boring,

 感到厌烦的 bored,

我厌倦了这本书。I'm bored with the book,

 令人厌烦  bore,

这本书让我厌烦。This book bores me,

有些表示情感的及物动词，bore,  interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry,  这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人  ”；过去分词形式，为“感到  ”。

except, 和 but, 都表示“除了  之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one, 等词后多用 but,

除了他没人知道我们老师的地址，No one knows our teacher's address except him,

No one knows our teacher's address but him,

 除  之外，还  ，有附加性。besides,

除了英语，你还懂什么外语？ What other foreign languages do you know besides English?,

except for, 只不过  ，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for,表示细节上的修正。

除了几个拼写错误外，你的文章写得很好。Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes,

 know, 用作动词，“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。

我不知道他是否在这里。 I don't know whether he is here or not,

我知道他是诚实的。I know him to be honest,

know of,和know about, “(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。

了解重要人物的一些内幕真令人高兴。It was gratifying to be in the know about important people,

满足 ; 使高兴 ; 使满意gratify,

我们听说过这件事，但对详情不是很清楚。We know of the incident but have no further details,

for example, “例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance,替换。

例如，空气是看不见的。For example, air is invisible,

看不见的 ; 隐形的 ; 无形的 ; 看不见的人 invisible,

他的拼写很糟糕！例如，看看这个词。His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example,

such as, “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as,后面不可有逗号。

一些欧洲语言来自拉丁语，如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish,

 注意  如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is,或namely,

 只有一个孩子缺席，就是哈利。Only one boy was absent, namely Harry,

 这条铁路连接两个城市，即纽约与芝加哥。The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago,

 首先 (强调顺序)first of all,

 总共in all,

in total,

altogether,

 毕竟，终究after all,

 到底，根本at all,

 最重要的是 (强调重要性)above all,

 根本不，一点也不not,  at all,

  not,  in the least,

 始终，一直all the time,

突然，冷不防all of a sudden,

suddenly,

 行，可以all right,

 立刻，马上all at once,

 日日夜夜all day and all night,

 遍及all over,

 独个儿，独立地all alone,

 几乎，差一点all but,

 总的说来all in all,

 一道，同时，总共all together,

 尽管for all,

 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。I woke up and didn't hear him at all,

 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over,

 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。You shouldn't scold her, After all, she is only five years old,

 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。Children need many things, but above all, they need love,

 你一定一直知道这事。You must have known it all the time,

 虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。People may have different opinions about her, but I admire her, after all, she is a great musician,

“结果”；as a result,

“换句话说”；in other words,

 “像往常一样”。as usual,

我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。I'd like to buy a house, modern, comfortable, and above all in a quiet neighborhood,

 at all,用在肯定句中，“竟然”

我很惊讶你竟然来了。I'm surprised that you came at all,

 at all,用在否定句中，“一点也不”

根本没什么好担心的。There was nothing to worry about at all,

 at all,用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟”

你究竟去过没有吗？。Have you been there at all?,

 at all,用在条件句中，“真的，确实”

如果你真的做，那就做好。If you do it at all, do it well,

 擅长于be good at,

 对  感兴趣be interested in,

 对  满意be pleased with,

be satisfied with,

be content with,

 因  而出名be famous for,

 对  好be kind to,

be good to,

 沉湎于be lost in,

 在某方面积极be active in,

 确信be sure about,

be sure of,

 害怕be afraid of,

 充满be full of,

 充满be filled with,

 由  组成be made of,

be made from,

 对  慷慨be generous to,

 受欢迎be popular with,

 确信be confident of,

 喜欢，喜爱be fond of,

 对  发脾气be angry with,

be angry at,

 迟到be late for,

 对  感到惊讶be amazed at,

be surprised at,

be astonished at,

be shocked at,

 忙着做  be busy doing,

 对  感到兴奋be excited about,

 担心be worried about,

 用于be used for,

be used as,

 对  好奇be curious about,

 林林确信自己有能力做这活。Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself,

 他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little,

 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。She is very active in helping the poor,

 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Pop music is popular with the young generation,

 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in,

 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do,

 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam,

你知道，鲍勃理解有点慢，所以我必须对他有耐心。You know, Bob is a little slow in understanding, So I have to be patient with him,

 “在  方面反应迟钝”，be slow in,

 意为“对  有耐心”。be patient with,

 以  结束end up with,

晚会以唱《友谊地久天长》结束。The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne,

《友谊地久天长》Auld Lang Syne,

 Old,的变体Auld,

 Long,的变体Lang,

自彼时至此时，曾经Syne,

<苏格兰>很久以前Lang Syne,

 最后成为 end up as,

他终有一天会成为总统。He will end up as a president some day,

end up, + 地点状语或者 end, + 地点状语 最后(有  结局)

如果你那样开车，你会被送进医院，If you drive your car like that, you'll end in hospital,

 If you drive your car like that, you'll end up in hospital,

 吵闹make a noise,

 做鬼脸，做苦脸make faces,

 给  腾出地方make room for,

 整理床铺make the bed,

 打电话make phone calls,

 交朋友make friends with,

 赚钱make money,

 利用make use of,

 做出决定make a decision,

 犯错误make a mistake,

 老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back,

 在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook,

 为了给更重要的人物腾出地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons,

 这个想法让我非常困惑，我停了几秒钟想弄明白。The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to make it out,

“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make out,

“连忙跑掉”；make off ,

 “弥补、打扮、组成”；make up,

 “转让、改造”。make over,

 我们什么时候出发？我们定在八点半, 好吗？。When shall we start?Let's make it at half past eight, Is that all right?,

make it at,+时间  定在   时间，约在  时间

设置时间;时间设置;设定时间;set time,

消费者可以在指定的时间内取货。Customers were given a set time to pick up their devices,

装置 ; 仪器 ; 器具 ; 设备 手段;策略;方法;技巧;device,

点火make fire,

 着火了(表示状态) be on fire,

 燃着；着火(表示动作) catch fire,

 玩火；干冒险的事 play with fire,

 放火烧 set something on fire,

set fire to something,

 点火；生火 make fire,

make a fire,

引起火灾start a fire,

 cause a fire,

“火灾”“一堆火”，为可数名词。fire,

许多a great many,

a good many,

a great, 或者good, +many, + 名词复数，中间无“of,”。

很多人都看过这部电影。A great many people have seen the film,

a great, 或者good, +many of, + the, 或者 these,或者 those, 或者one's, + 名词复数

很多人都看过这部电影。A great many of the people have seen the film,

 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)make yourself at home,

晚上好，吉姆。晚上好，玛丽。请进，别客气。Good evening, Jim, Good evening, Mary, Come in and make yourself at home,

 独自(没有别人帮助) by oneself,

all by oneself,

你不可能一个人完成这一切。You can't possibly do it all by yourself,

 玩得高兴 enjoy oneself,

have a good time,

在夏威夷度假时请尽情享受。Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii,

 亲自; 为自己for oneself,

 这个学生想亲自思考。The student wants to think it for himself,

一个人不应该独自生活。One should not live for oneself alone,

 自动地of oneself,

门突然关上了。The door closed of itself suddenly,

 身体或情绪好 be oneself,

我今天不舒服。I am not myself today,

 随便help oneself to,

请随便吃鱼。Please help yourself to the fish,

 本身 in oneself,

这本身不是个坏主意。This is not a bad idea in itself,

 苏醒come to oneself,

受伤的人五分钟后苏醒过来。The injured man came to himself in five minutes,

 私下说的话 between ourselves,

这一切都是我们之间的事。这些都不能告诉别人。All this is between ourselves,