除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket,
一个人如果不努力学习，就不可能学好一门外语。One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard,
unless,引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if, not, 互换。还要注意unless,引导的从句经常可以省略。
除非医生工作得更快，否则这些人将不得不等一整天。The men will have to wait all day unless the doctor works faster,
生态游可以找到既帮助人,又帮助动植物的途径。Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people,
生态旅游Eco-travel,
他会说德语和法语。He can speak German as well as French,
as well as ,“和”，相当于"not only, but also ,"。
as well as,连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
as well as,当作复杂介词用，“除了 之外，还有”；相当于"besides, 或者apart from,"。
as well，是副词短语，“也”，相当于“too,或者 also,”常位于句尾，与too,位置相当。
“还是 的好”。may as well do something,
might as well do something,
约翰的足球踢得和大卫一样好，如果不比大卫好的话。 John plays football as well as, if not better than David,
如果不比 好的话。if not better than,
约翰踢足球和大卫一样好。 John plays football as well as David,
她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。Before she could move，she heard a loud noise,
但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her,
他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。He nearly knocked me down before he saw me,
美国内战持续了四年，最后北方获胜。The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won in the end,
洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep,
你看起来很累。你昨晚一定熬夜了。You look so tired, You must have stayed up last night,
情态动词may, might, most, can, could, 常用来表示推测。
may, might, must, 多用在肯定句中，
can, could,多用在否定句和疑问句中。
may, might, must, can, could,后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；
may, might, must, can, could, 后接have done, 表示对过去的推测。
你可能是教授。You may be a professor,
她一定遇到了仙女。She must have met a fairy,
这蛋糕很甜，你一定放了很多糖。This cake is very sweet, You must have put a lot of sugar in it,
她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar,
which,引导非限制性定语从句。
他买了许多的参考资料,都是有关理科的。He bought some reference books, which were all about science,
which, 作为关系代词,既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
前往北京的火车按时进站了。The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time,
他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died,
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使办公室里的每个人都感到惊讶。 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office,
which,引导非限制性定语从句。指代前面整个句子。
that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。
现在进行时表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
看猴子正在爬香蕉树。Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree,
现在进行时表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。)
我们正在为下周五的会议做准备。We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now,
现在进行时表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever, 等副词连用)，表反复的动作。
他总是想着别人。 He is always thinking of others,
她总是问同样的问题。 She is always asking the same question,
你总是在改变主意。You are always changing your mind,
表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay, 等表移动、方向的动词。
他几分钟后就要开始工作了。He is starting the work in a few minutes,
他明天上午动身去北京。He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning,
不用进行时的词有：系动词: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove, 等。
不用进行时的词有： 表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear, 等。
不用进行时的词有： 非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter, accept, receive,等。
不用进行时的词有： 表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have,等。
用进行时的特殊词有系动词get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall, 等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时，用进行时表示渐进。
当今，许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。Today, many rivers that were polluted in the past are getting clearer and clearer,
现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的
你怎么去机场？乘出租车鲍勃要和我一起去机场。How are you getting to the airport?By taxi, Bob is coming with me to the airport,
表客观将来。Shall,用于第一人称，will,用于第一、二、三人称。
下个月我将完成中学学业。I will finish middle school next month,
I shall finish middle school next month,
will do, 表有科学根据的预测。
天气预报说明天会下雨。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow,
will do, 表客观必然。
人会犯错。Man will make mistakes,
be going to,表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。
我今晚要完成作业。I'm going to finish my homework tonight,
be going to,表根据已有迹象的预测。
外面太黑了，我想要下雨了。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain,
be going to,不与come, go,连用，而用be coming, be going, 形式。
玛丽今晚要来这里。Mary is coming here this evening,
表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be, + to do,”。
表示按早已经规定好的时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。
会议将于上午九点举行。The meeting is to be held at nine am,
我们的飞机早上六点起飞。Our plane leaves at six am,
谈论意愿和打算 Talking about intentions and plans,
你要呆多久？我不知道。视情况而定。How long are you staying? I don't know, It depends,
我和你一起去。I'll go with you,
好吧，我和你一同去。这才像话。OK,I'll go with you, That's more like it,
今天下午我要去见班主任。I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon,
课后我想给她打个电话。I'd like to make a phone call to her after class,
我想找一位英国笔友，我希望能找到一位英国笔友。I want to find an English pen friend, I hope to find an English pen friend,
我计划今年夏天去杭州。I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer,
我们准备搬家。We are ready to move to a new house,
比尔打算在加利福尼亚度假。Bill intends to spend his vacation in California,
我想开车去北京。I'm thinking of driving to Beijing,
你想去哪里？Where would you prefer going ?,
你想去哪里？How would you like to go to ?,
你什么时候出发？When are you going off to ?,
你打算怎么做？How are you going to ?,
你未来将作何打算？How are you going to plan for the future? ,
这个问题你怎么交代？How are you going to account for this? ,
表达祝愿expressing good wishes,
迈克，我们队这个周末要和火箭队比赛。我相信我们会赢。祝你好运Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend,I'm sure we will win, Good luck,
在比赛前表示祝愿的话用,。Good luck,
成功之后的祝贺,。Congratulations,
“干杯”,Cheers,
用于书面语，“万事如意”,Best wishes,
祝贺祝愿的话Have a good day,
Have a good time!
Have a good journey,
Have a good trip!
Good luck!
Enjoy yourself!
Best wishes to you!
Happy New Year!
Happy birthday!
Merry Christmas!,
彼此彼此 ; 你也一样 ; The same to you,
描述情感describing emotions,
恐怕我不能在本周内读完这本书，请慢慢来。I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week,Take your time,
请继续，请往前面走。 Please go ahead,
(恐惧) Help!
How terrible!
I'm afraid of,
I'm afraid to,
You scared me!
It scares me!
(高兴) It's well done!
well done!
How wonderful!
That's great!
I'm pleased to,
(惊奇) Really!
Oh dear!
Is that so?
What a surprise!
How surprising!
(忧虑) What's wrong?
what's the matter?
Anything wrong?
What should we do?
(安慰)Don't be afraid,
Don't worry,
It's quite all right,
It's all right,
It'll be OK,
all right,
(满意) Good!
Well done!
Perfect!
That's fine,
That's better,
(遗憾) I'm so sorry!
It's a great pity!
What a shame!
That's too bad!
(同情) I'm so sorry!
I'm so sorry about your illness,
I'm sorry to hear that,
(愤怒)
该死 ; 混账 ; Damn!
真烦人！How annoying!
(鼓励) Well done!
Come on!
Keep trying,
You can do it!
我想休一周假，算了吧，我们太忙了。I'd like to take a week's holiday, Forget it, we're too busy,
我非常确信我们的实验会成功，但在最后一刻出了问题，听到这个消息我很难过，但是我不会放弃的。I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment,I'm sorry to hear that, but don't give it up,
如果你不介意的话，我想喝点茶，当然，你想要什么都行。 I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind, Of course, anything you want,
雨林被砍伐和烧毁的速度如此之快，以至于它们将在不久的将来从地球上消失。Rainforests are being cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future,
矿井爆炸已经过去23个小时，但营救失踪人员的工作仍在进行。Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing are still being carried out,
你什么时候走？我的飞机10点45分起飞。When are you leaving? My plane takes off at three quarters past ten,
飞机是按时刻表运行的。早就已经知道，与自然规律一样。用一般现在时
对不起，现在几点了？对不起，我的手表坏了，正在商店修理，Excuse me, what time is it now?Sorry, my watch doesn't work, It is being repaired at the shop,
约翰被认为是个热心人，他正在考虑帮助邻居摆脱困境。John, who is considered to be a warm-hearted man, is considering helping his neighbor out of trouble,
“被认为是”be considered to be,
“考虑做某事”。consider doing,
他犯了一个错误，但在情况进一步恶化之前，他纠正了错误。He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse,
我的自行车出毛病了，没关系。我把我的借给你。There is something wrong with my bike, It doesn't matter, I will lend you mine,
表示按计划安排将来的动作， be to,
表示最近打算做某事，be going to ,
情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。Will,
我愿意告诉你一切。I will tell you all about it,
本世纪初的孩子们曾经阅读很多书，即使没有电视，他们也会玩得很开心。Children at the beginning of this century used to read a lot and enjoyed themselves greatly even without television,