“影响”，往往指对行为、性格和观点等产生间接的、较长时间的或潜移默化的影响。 influence,

你读的东西对你的思想有影响。What you read influences your thinking,

用作名词,泛指影响时是不可数名词；特指某种影响时是可数名词。influence,

你愿意运用你的影响力替我找一份工作吗？Will you use your influence to get me a job?,

电视对人有很强的影响。Television has a strong influence on people,

“需要，要求”require,

require+名词或代词。

他们要求立即付款。They required immediate payment,

向某人要求某物。require something of somebody,

require something from somebody,

我们要求他赔礼道歉。We required an apology from him,

We required an apology of him,

要求某人做某事。require somebody to do something ,

我们要求他对这件事保密。We required him to keep it a secret,

difficulty“困难；费力”时，是不可数名词，既不能与不定冠词连用，也不能以复数形式出现。

“困难的”。difficult,

做某事有困难；have difficulty doing something,

have difficulty in doing something,

做某事困难。have difficulty with something,

我独自完成这项工作有很大困难。I have great difficulty in finishing the work by myself,

当difficulty指具体的困难、难处、难点和困境时，是一个可数名词，既可以与不定冠词连用，也可以用复数形式。

这本书充满了难点。The book is full of difficulties,

而且我不确定蓝色穿在你身上是否好看。And I'm not sure if blue looks good on you,

某物穿在某人身上好看，something looks good on somebody,

somebody looks good in something ,

这条牛仔裤穿在我身上好看。This pair of jeans looks good on me,

I look good in this pair of jeans,

当你感到伤心的时候它能使你振奋起来。It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad,

cheer up使振作起来。当宾语用名词表示时，可以放在后面也可以放在中间；当宾语用代词表示时，只能放在中间。

我怎样才能使米莉振作起来呢？How can I cheer Millie up?

How can I cheer up Millie?,

也许我可以说个笑话使你开心起来。Maybe I can cheer you up with a joke,

因此它可以使你想起一个温暖而又晴朗的日子。so it can remind you of a warm sunny day,

remind somebody of somebody或者something,  使某人想起某人或者某物。

我一直保存着它以使我想起你。I keep it all the time to remind me of you,

穿红色也更容易采取行动。Wearing red can also make it easier to take action,

采取措施，采取行动；take action,

take actions,

采取行动做某事take action to do something,

take actions to do something,

我们得采取行动来制止他们。We have to take action to stop them,

当你犹豫不决的时候，这可以有助于你做决定。This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision,

做决定make a decision,

决定做某事。make a decision to do something,

没有必要匆忙做决定。There is no hurry to make a decision,

我已经决定辞职了。I have made a decision to resign,

陈述句充当宾语从句时，由that引导。that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，在非正式英语中可以省略。

他说他将帮助我学习物理。He said he would help me with my Physics,

He said that he would help me with my Physics,

我希望黄色能带给我成功。I hope yellow can bring me success,

I hope that yellow can bring me success,

形容词certain, sure,和glad,等后面也可以跟宾语从句。

我肯定米莉将会来参加我们的聚会。I'm sure that Millie will come to our party,

当主句的主语是第一人称I,或者we, 谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, 和imagine,等时，后面宾语从句的否定词要前移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

我想我并不认识你。I don't think I know you,

我相信他不会来。I don't believe he will come,

注意：若主句的谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能前移。

我希望你没有生病。I hope you weren't ill,

若主句的谓语动词是find,  make, 和think, 等，后面又带有复合宾语时，常用it,作形式宾语，而将实际的宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。

我想我们明天开个会是有必要的。I think it necessary that we will have a meeting tomorrow,

动词（短语）ask, see, wonder, find out, be not sure,和don't know,等后面可以用一般疑问句充当宾语从句，此时用if,或whether,引导，且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

我不知道他明天是否会来这儿。I don't know whether he will come here tomorrow,

I don't know if he will come here tomorrow,

米莉问她是否可以明天来。Millie asks whether she can come tomorrow,

Millie asks if she can come tomorrow,

if,和whether,都有“是否”的意思，在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在or not,之前、介词之后、不定式之前、引导主语从句、引导表语从句、引导的宾语从句放在句首时，只能用whether,。

你知道他们明天是否会动身去南京吗？Do you know whether they are leaving for Nanjing or not tomorrow?,

我不知道你是否会去。I don't know whether or not you will go,

我正在考虑我们是否需要开个会。I'm thinking about whether we'll have a meeting,

他不知道是否要去。He doesn't know whether to go,

我们是否去那里还没决定。Whether we go there is not decided,

问题是我们能否按时到达那里。The question is whether we can get there on time,

我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。Whether you have met George before, I can't remember,

if,作“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句，不能用whether,替换，且主句时态用一般将来时，从句时态用一般现在时。

如果明天不下雨，米莉将会来观看演出。Millie will come to see the show if it doesn't rain tomorrow,

上面写着，上面显示 It says,

吃光，吃完 eat up,

用完，用尽 use up,

注：（代词的位置）

很有条理的 be well organized,

使  保持井然有序 keep    in good order,

按顺序） in order,

炫耀 ,卖弄 show off,

带领某人参观某地show somebody around someplace,

给某人指 到某地的路 show somebody the way to,

对  毫不感兴趣 show no interest in,

为我们重复语法规则 repeat grammar rulers for us,

想出，提出 ；追上，赶上 come up with,

想出，提出 ；think of,

对 感到好奇 be curious about,

容易生气 get angry easily,

成为一名优秀的会计  make a good accountant,

既不  也不  （就近原则） Neither,   nor,

他和我都没有受过良好的教育。 Neither he nor I am well educated,

或者  或者    either,  or,

两者都 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 both,  and,

他昨天没来这儿，我也是。He didn't come here yesterday, nor did I,

He didn't come here yesterday, neither did I,

so, 或者neither, + be, 或者have, 或者助动词或者情态动词 + 主语。

 我可不做这样的事。 他也不会。 I won't do such a thing, Neither will he,

 她对这个故事感兴趣。 我也是。 She is interested in the story, So am I,

如果第二分句只是重复前句的意思， 用来表示赞同时， so, 之后的主语和谓语就不能颠倒。

昨天天气很冷。是很冷。 It was cold yesterday, So it was,

so, neither, 开头的倒装句一定要与上句的时态保持一致。

彼得不喜欢游泳，汤姆也不喜欢。 Peter doesn't like swimming, Neither does Tom,

彼得昨天乘公共汽车去上学，汤姆也是。Peter went to school by bus yesterday, So did Tom,

so, neither, 开头的倒装句中的助动词或情态动词要根据人称的变化而变换。

彼得不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。 Peter doesn't like swimming, Neither do I,

整天工作不说话  work without speaking all day long,

对  感到满意  be happy with,

be satisfied with,

一个天生的艺术家  a born artist,

他的富有创造力的作品给全国人民留下深刻的印象  impress the whole country with his creative work,

使 铭记 ;使想象 impress something on somebody,

impress something upon somebody,

通过某事给予某人深刻印象 impress somebody with something,

对 印象深刻 be impressed by something,

be impressed with something,

be impressed at something,

在 上压盖印 impress something in something,

impress something on something,

我使他注意他的工作的重要性。 I impressed on him the importance of his work,

组织者把一个漂亮的图案印在衣服上。 The organizer impressed a beautiful design on the clothes,

这个女孩给她的朋友留下了活泼和幽默的印象。 The girl impressed her friends with liveliness and humor,

我们对他的行为留下了深刻印象。 We were deeply impressed by his deeds,

印象，感想：作为经历的结果留下来的效果、感觉或者形象 impression,

你对伦敦的最初印象如何？ What were your first impressions of London?,

她的演讲给听众留下相当好的印象。Her speech made a quite impression on the audience,

给某人留下印象 give an impression on somebody,

create an impression on somebody,

leave an impression on somebody,

make an impression on somebody,

我的总的印象是他是一个很阳光的人。 My general impression is that he seemed to be a pleasant man,

赢得艺术团的高度赞扬 win high praise from the art community,

 因某事表扬某人 praise somebody for something,

放弃（代词放中间） give up,

放弃做某事give up doing something,

stop doing something,

在一家大公司的销售部工作 work for the sales department in a big company,

日复一日 day after day,

总经理 the general manager,

处于领先地位，带头 take the lead,

落后 fall behind,

生病fall ill,

落下;跌倒fall,

fell,

fallen,

准备做某事  be ready to do,

接受新的挑战  take on new challenges,

首席工程师  the chief engineer,

把  和  连接起来 connect,  with,

connect,  to,

与  有联系  be connected with,

差之毫厘，谬以千里 a miss is as good as a mile,

与  几乎一样，简直是as good as,

负担得起（费用、损失、后果）多用于否定句和疑问句中  can't afford to do,

犯错误  make mistakes,

注意每个细节  pay attention to every detail,

to 为介词 + doing something

工作高标准  work to high standards,

容易一起工作  easy to work with,

一位心脏外科手术的带头人  a pioneer heart surgeon,

再怎么细心也不为过  can't be too careful,

can never be too careful,

 愿意做某事 be willing to do something,

给某人做手术 perform an operation on somebody,

do an operation on somebody,

把  奉献给  devote oneself to,

devote one's life to,

devote one's time to,

to, 为介词,后接名词，代词，动名 词）

尊重，尊敬某人  respect somebody,

have respect for somebody,

show respect for somebody,

适合  be suitable for,

接受别人的建议  accept others' advice,

三思而行  think twice,

think twice about something,

生某人的的气 be angry with somebody,

get angry with somebody,

因某事而生气 be angry at something,

be angry about something,

get angry about something,

get angry at something,

担心太多  worry too much,

对  有耐心  be patient with,

对  没有耐心  be impatient with,

  不但  而且 （就近原则）  not only,   but also,

洗碗，洗餐具  do the dishes,

生肖  animal signs,

按照固定的顺序出现  appear in a fixed order,

使他的课上得生动而有趣 make his lesson lively and interesting,

lively 活泼的，生气勃勃 的指人或物

alive 活着，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语， 后置定语或宾补。

在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。No man alive is greater than he,

注： 此时 alive 含 有“在所有活着的  之中”

他想让鱼活着。  He wanted to keep the fish alive ,

living,“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。

我的启蒙老师仍健在。My first teacher is still living ,

英语是活的语言。English is a living language ,

注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。

活着的人们the living,

谋生。make a living,

通过干  谋生  make a living by doing, make one's living by doing,

live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。

有电的电线，a live wire,

一条活鱼。 a live fish,

lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又 可指物。

詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 Jenny is a lively girl,

这儿一切都生机勃勃。 Everything is lively here,

总共，总计  in all,

出生在同一星座下的人们  people born under the same star sign,

具有相似的个性  share similar personalities,

与  相似  be similar to,

在某方面相似  be similar in,

be similar to, 后边既可以加物主代词又可以加人，be similar to something,或者somebody,

be similar with, 后边只可以加人 ，be similar with somebody,

我的问题与你的类似。 My problems are similar to yours,

黄蜂看上去很像蜜蜂。Wasps look similar to bees,

汤姆和我毫无共同之处,  I have no similar with Tom,

依靠  depend on,

农历  lunar calendar,

被分成 be divided into,

把  分成    divide,   into,

你的生活和将来都掌握在你的手中。 It's you who shape your life and your future,

据说  It's said that,

作演讲  make a speech,

give a speech,

做额外的工作  do extra work,

赢得几项科学竞赛  win several science competitions,

使他自己更加有条理  get himself more organized,

缺席  be absent from school,

 推荐某人为/当  recommend somebody as,

 推荐某人获 奖  recommend somebody for,

同意某人的看法、意见； 适应（食物、气候）  agree with somebody,

agree to, 后接 建议，计划，suggestion,advice,plan, 等

注意 agree to do, agree somebody to do,是错误,

允许某人做某事allow somebody to do,

agree on, 一般接 point,price,date,address, 等双方协定的内容。

发现和他一起工作很困难 find it difficult to work with him,

发现做某事是什么样  find it, +形容词+to do something,

天生和后天环境形成的  be formed by both nature and the environment,

有你的父母遗传给你  be passed onto you by your parents,

活泼和急躁  liveliness and impatience,

有其父必有其子  like father ,like son,

许多突出的品质适合这个职位  has many strong qualities for this position,

和别人分享让他们感觉很好。  It makes them feel good to share things with others,

她使得所有的东西井然有序。  She keeps all her things in good order,

我和我父母都不认为我能成为 一名优秀的会计。  Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant,

对我来说,整天工作不说话太可怕 了。  It's terrible for me to work without speaking all day long,

他给阳光镇广场做的雕塑赢得了艺术协会的高度赞扬。  His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community,

人生就像一场赛跑。你要么领先要么落后。  Life is like a race, You either take the lead or fall behind,

对我们来说,失之毫厘,谬以千里。  To us, a miss is as good as a mile,

我们所有人都知道注意每个 细节的必要性。 All of us know that it's necessary to pay attention to every detail,

她把她大部分的时间都奉献给了工作。  She has devoted most of her time to her work,

它们按照固定的顺序,每 12 年循环一次。  They appear in a fixed order and the cycle repeats every 12 years,

据说出生在虎年的人很勇敢。  It is said that people born in the Year of the Tiger are brave,

他不害怕在许多人面前做演讲。 He is not afraid of making a speech in front of many people,

我们希望你能同意我们。 We hope that you agree with us,

hope somebody to do something,这是错误的