我们要拯救地球！We're trying to save the earth!,
在河床底部at the bottom of the river,
充满了垃圾be full of the rubbish,
把垃圾扔入河中throw litter into the river,
尽一份力把它清理干净play a part in cleaning it up,
土地污染land pollution,
使空气中充满了黑烟fill the air with black smoke,
减少空气污染cut down air pollution,
产生影响make a difference,
采取行动take action,
关掉turn off,
付费pay for,
累加add up,
使用公共交通use public transportation,
回收书和废纸recycle books and paper,
使用纸巾use paper napkins,
关掉喷头turn off the shower,
开车出行ride in cars,
即使河底都充满垃圾。Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish,
城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up,
空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days,
为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving,
我过去能在天空中看到星星。I used to be able to see stars in the sky,
这儿的空气真的已经被污染了，我非常担心。The air has become really polluted around here, I'm getting very worried,
没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health,
花费；价格为；值cost,
住在这里一定要花很多钱的It must cost a good deal to live here,
spend, 的主语必须是人
spend time, 或者money,+ on something, 在 上花费时间（金钱）。
这道数学题花了我两个小时。I spent two hours on this maths problem,
spend time, 或者money,+ doing something, 或者 spend time, 或者money,+ in doing something, 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。They spent two years building this bridge,
They spent two years in building this bridge,
花钱买spend money for something,
他的钱用来买书了。His money was spent for books,
something costs somebody+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。A new computer costs a lot of money,
doing something costs somebody,+时间，或者，something costs somebody,+时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。Remembering these new words costs him a lot of time,
cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take,后面常跟双宾语
It takes somebody,+时间+to do something, 做某事花了某人多少时间。
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。It took them three years to build this road,
doing something takes somebody+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。
他花了一下午修车。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon,
付钱给某人买pay somebody money for something,
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。I have to pay them twenty pounds for this room each month,
付 的钱。pay for something,
我不得不赔丢失的书款。I have to pay for the book lost,
替某人付钱。pay for somebody,
别担心，我会给你付钱的。Don't worry!I'll pay for you,
付钱给某人。pay somebody,
他们每月给我们报酬。They pay us every month,
还钱。pay money back,
你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。May I borrow twelve yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week,
还清钱。pay off one's money,
这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment,
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。She not only plays well, but also writes music,
他不仅是自编剧本， 还饰演其中的角色。He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them,
他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well,
不只是你，他也得离开。Not only you but also he has to leave,
他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily,
（音乐，艺术）作品work,
不可数，意为：工作；劳动；作业； 功课事，成果，产品；工艺品，针线活。work,
挖一口深井很费事。It takes a lot of work to dig a deep well,
今天我得把工作带回家做。I have to bring my work home today,
作可数名词 著作，作品work,
他在研究威廉福克纳的作品。He is making a study of William Faulkner's works,
工作，劳动，干活work,
她在一家饭店工作。She works in a restaurant,
（机器等）运转，活动work,
机器不转了。The machine won't work,
（由于使用等）逐渐变动；慢慢地前进work,
起作用；行得通work,
你的建议很有效。Your suggestion works well,
使工作，使干活work,
别拼命做了。Don't work yourself to death,
开动；操作work,
请告诉我如何操纵这机器。Please tell me how to work the machine,
通过努力取得；靠做工取得work,
使缓慢前进；使逐渐变动work,
你能使这个螺钉松开吗？Can you work the screw loose?,
造成，引起；激起work,
这位科学家创造了奇迹。This scientist worked miracles,
安排，经营，管理work,
这个农场他经营得很成功。He worked the farm with great success,
影响；说服work,
我要设法说服他同意我的想法。I'll try to work him to my way of thinking,
为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving,
不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to, 或 so as to,。
我写下来是为了不忘记。I've written it down in order not to forget,
他喊着，挥舞着以引起注意。He shouted and waved so as to be noticed,
在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
要正确绘制地图，您需要一支特殊的笔。To draw maps properly, you need a special pen,
由 in order to, 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to, 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。
为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。They started early in order to get there in time,
In order to get there in time, they started early,
They started early so as to get there in time,
当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构（即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for, + 名词或宾格代词）作状语。
他打开门让孩子们进来。He opened the door for the children to come in,
她拿了几个瓶子放在柜台上让哈利检查。She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect,
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。
我们会早点出发，以便能及时到达。We'll start early in order that we may arrive in time,
We'll start early so that we may arrive in time,
We'll start early in order to arrive in time,
We'll start early so as to arrive in time,
当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
我来的很早，是为了让你在开会前看我的报告。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting,
I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting,
雨天使我感到消沉。rainy days make sad ,
制作风筝make a kite,
制造飞机make a plane,
赚钱make money,
组成;化妆;补足;编造make up,
我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him,
她在化妆上花去了太多时间。She spent too much time making herself up,
她回来之后他们又和好如初。She came back and they made up,
我们要组成一个像这样的新家庭！We'll make up a new family like this!,
组成be made up of,
确定make sure,
交朋友make friends,
做鬼脸make faces,
由 制成 用于原材料显而易见的场合be made of,
由 制成be made from,
这准是铜做的吧。it must be made of copper,
我很好奇樱桃是否可以做酒。I wonder if wine can be made from cherries,
制造噪音make noise,
(及时)到达，（尤指来得及做某事）;及时赶上参加;（经历艰难困苦后）成功 make it,
整理床铺make the bed,
做决定make a decision,
make up one's mind,
犯错make mistakes,
作演讲make a speech,
做早饭make breakfast,
做晚饭make dinner,
定计划make a plan,
向某人敬酒make a toast to somebody ,
由某地制造be made in someplace ,
谋生make a living,
与某人对话make a conversation with somebody,
make, +somebody, +形容词，或者keep, +somebody, +形容词 使 怎样
使我精力充沛make me energetic,
使他放松 make him relaxed,
使他舒适make him comfortable,
使 做某事make somebody something ,
使 一直做某事make somebody doing something ,
科学研究scientific research,
scientific study,
科学science,
科学家scientist,
柔和的光线soft lighting ,
柔和的颜色soft colors,