物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用
约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。John had cut his finger ; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk
物主代词有形容词性 my, your 等 和名词性 mine, yours 等两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 's 属格结构,
杰克的帽子Jack's cap
The cap is Jack's
他的帽子His cap
The cap is his
名词性物主代词的句法功能
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的更好用。May I use your pen ? Yours works better
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。I love my motherland as much as you love yours
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word not in yours
我的生命属于你,属于你。The life I have is yours it's yours
物主代词不可与 a/ an/ this / that / these/ those / some/ any/ several/ no/ each / every/ such / another/ which 等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。
a /an /this /that +名词+ of +名词性物主代词。
我的一个朋友。a friend of mine
他的每一个兄弟。each brother of his
有些动词需有反身代词
缺席absent oneself
缺席absent oneself from
洗澡bathe oneself
游玩;自娱;游乐;取乐amuse oneself
以…自娱amuse oneself with
自讼;引咎自责blame oneself
把身上擦干dry oneself
把自己弄伤cut oneself
过得快活,感到愉快enjoy oneself
尽情;尽兴;过瘾enjoy oneself to the full
伤到自己;伤害自己;hurt oneself
自我介绍;介绍自己;introduce oneself
规规矩矩;老老实实behave oneself
我们昨晚玩得很开心。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night
请你随便吃点鱼。Please help yourself to some fish
用于及物动词+宾语+介词
感到自豪 take pride in
感到生气 be annoyed with
随便吃 help oneself to something
那个时候我不能打扮我自己。I could not dress myself up at that time
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit down, stand up, wake up 等。
请坐。Please sit down
我今天不舒服。I am not myself today
事情本身并不重要。The thing itself is not important
在不强调的情况下, but, except for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。
除了我没有人受伤害。No one but myself is hurt
No one but me is hurt
反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
我自己开车。I myself drove the car
在 and or nor 连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是 myself 作主语。
查尔斯和我看见了。Charles and myself saw it
第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。
你应为自己感到骄傲。You should be proud of yourself
相互代词只有 each other 和 one another 两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的
很容易看出,不同文化的人总是互相模仿。it is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other
相互代词的句法功能:
人们应当彼此相爱。People should love one another
狗吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。Dogs bark cocks crow frogs croak to each other
说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用 each other ,存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another 。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,
他把所有的书放在一起。。He put all the books beside one another
He put all the books beside each other
这些小团体通常是相互独立的。Usually these small groups were independent of each other
相互代词可加' s 构成所有格
学生们互借笔记。The students borrowed each other's notes
指示代词分单数 this / that 和复数 these / those 两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词
这个女孩是玛丽。那些人是我的教师。This girl is Mary Those men are my teachers
这是玛丽。那些是我的老师。This is Mary Those are my teachers