指示代词的句法功能;
这事儿就该这样做。 This is the way to do it
与那个相比, 我更喜欢这个。 I like this better than that
我的观点就是如此。 My point is this
我并未拒绝那个。 I don ' t say no to that
那并不可怕。 There is no fear of that
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,
那是我的老师。 that 作主语,指人 That is my teacher
他要和这个姑娘结婚。 this 作限定词 He is going to marry this girl
this 作宾语时不能指人
我买这个。 this 指物,可作宾语 I bought this
That 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但 this 和 these 不能,
在作先行词时,只有 those 可指人,
他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 He admired that which looked beautiful
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 those 指人 He admired those who looked beautiful
that 作宾语时不能指人
他赞赏跳舞好的人。 those 指人 He admired those who danced well
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。 those 指物 He admired those which looked beautiful
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用 用来构成疑问句。
指 人: who, whom ,whose
指 物:what
既可指人又可指物:which
疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前, 没有性和数的变化, 除 who 之外也没有格的变化。 what which whose 还可作限定词。
桌上的书是谁的? Whose are these books on the desk?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? What was the directional flow of US territorial expansion?
桌上的书是谁的? Whose books are these on the desk?
哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词 which 和 what 所指的范围不同。 what 所指的范围是无限的 而 which 则指在一定的范围内
你最喜欢哪几个姑娘? Which girls do you like best?
你最喜欢什么样的姑娘? What girls do you like best?
Whom 是 who 的宾格 在书面语中 它作动词宾语或介词宾语 在口语中作宾语时 可用 who 代替 但在介词后只能用 whom
你在街上遇到了谁? Who did you meet on the street?
Whom did you meet on the street?
你要把这书带给谁? Who are you taking the book to ?
Whom are you taking the book to?
你在校园里和谁讲话了? to whom did you speak on the campus?
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时 过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首 现代英语中 疑问代词在句首 介词在句末
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么? For what do most people live and work
你在找什么? What are you looking for
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句
我不知道他用意何在。 I can ' t make out what he is driving at
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed
你说的我大部分同意 但并不完全赞同。 Much of what you say I agree with but I cannot go all the way with you