规则动词的 ed 形式
（限制）limit
limited
（假装）pretend
pretended
（逃脱）escape
escaped
（提供）provide
provided
（提交）refer
referred
（拖）drag
dragged
（祈祷）pray
prayed
（供应）supply
supplied
不规则动词的 ed 形式
（投掷）cast
cast
（传播）spread
spread
（咬）bite
bitten
（原谅）forgive
forgiven
（吐）spit
spat
（穿）wear
worn
（搏斗）fight
fought
（丢失）lose
lost
少数动词的 ed 形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同
有学问的;学到的;知识渊博的;learned
一位知识渊博的教授 a learned professor
年迈的aged
老人an aged man
深受喜爱的;深爱的beloved
他心爱的计算机his beloved computer
动词的 ed 形式的否定形式是由 not 或 never 加动词的 ed 形式构成。
不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Not allowed to go in he had to wait outside
从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。Never invited to his party she got angry with him
动词的 ed 形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
除了作形容词用的 ed 形式外，动词的 ed 形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。Born and brought up in the countryside he was interested in biology
有人发现其中一个杯子破了。One of the glasses was found broken
鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。The books written by Lu Xun are popular with many Chinese people
及物动词的 ed 形式一般表示被动的意思。
要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。Given more time I could have solved that riddle
你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。When you speak English be sure to make yourself understood
在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study
不及物动词的 ed 形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。
逃犯an escaped prisoner
a prisoner who has escaped
退休工人a retired worker
a worker who has retired
新来的客人a newly arrived guest
a guest who has just arrived
我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time
人们应该注意到变化了的形势。People should pay attention to the changed situation
ed 形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
学生们已做好了充分的准备。The students are fully prepared
我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。When we got there the shop was closed
她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。She felt satisfied with her performance on the high and low bars
这片土地尚未开发。The land remained unexploited
听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。Hearing the news he looked disappointed
山顶上终年积雪覆盖。The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year
要把 ed 形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的ed 形式表示状态，被动语态中的 ed 形式表示被动动作。
所有的门都是锁着的。All the doors are locked
所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。All the doors were locked by the guard
彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。Peter the Great is buried here
彼得大帝于一七二五年被埋葬在这里。Peter the Great was buried here in seventeen twenty five