动词的- ed 形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而- ing 形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。
他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound
看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。at the sight of the moving scene all the people present were moved
pleased 高兴、 tired 疲倦、 excited 兴奋、 disappointed 失望。已经变成形容词，可以被 very, too 等副词修饰。
amused 被逗笑的; puzzled 困惑的 relaxed 舒适的不能被 very too 修饰，只能被 much 修饰。
这些问题很令人迷惑。These problems are very puzzling
他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。We are much puzzled by his failure to reply
他的演讲非常感人。His speech was very moving
在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。All the people present were moved to tears
当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的- ed 形式作宾语的补足语。
在感觉动词 see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find, 后作宾语补足语。
look, sound, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。这些动词后面也可接介词like短语句"结构，意为"看起来 , 听起来 , 感觉好像
看来我们班好像要获胜了 It looks as if our class is going to win
look有外观，特色的意思
此地具有欧洲特色。The place has a European look
感官动词+do 与+doing的区别: 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。
他们看着她从小孩子到长大成人。They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood
有人发现那个失踪男孩正在河边玩。The missing boy was last seen playing near the river
连缀动词(含感官不及物动词) be , get , become , feel , look , sound , smell , taste , seem , appear , grow , turn , prove , go , run,
smell , taste , 不及物动词 smell , / taste , +of+名词 意思是有 味道气味。
昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night
我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。We found all the rivers seriously polluted
昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop
他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind
在使役动词 get, have, make, leave, keep, let, help, 等后作宾语补足语。
动词的- ed 形式作 get 的宾语补足语。
多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital
我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come
动词 get 后也可接动词不定式或动词的- ing 形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。
今早我无法把汽车发动起来。I couldn't get the car to start this morning
他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。He got his sister to help him with his clothes
让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。it is not hard to get him talking ; the problem is stopping him !
你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？Can you really get that old clock going again
动词的- ed 形式作 make 的宾语补足语。
他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard
你应该让公众知道你的观点。You should make your views known to the public
动词 make 后的宾语补足语可用不带 to 的动词不定式或动词的- ed 形式，但不可用动词的- ing 形式。
你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ Can you make the students understand the text
你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ Can you make the text understood by the students
动词的- ed 形式作 keep 或 leave 的宾语补足语。
所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。They all went home leaving all the work undone
侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night
动词的- ed 形式也可用在 with （ without ）结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。
一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。With everything well arranged he left the office
她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books
家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。Without any grain left in the house the little girl had to go begging
如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。Without any more time given we couldn't finish the task in three weeks
某些动词后（如想要， want 需要， need ，宁愿， prefer 想要 would like ），作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“ to be ”，就成了- ed 形式作宾语补足语。
我希望这事立即得到解决。I would like this matter settled immediately
I would like this matter to be settled immediately
我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。I'd prefer this book translated by my sister
I'd prefer this book to be translated by my sister
我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。We need the work finished by Saturday
We need the work to be finished by Saturday
农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。The peasants don't want good farmland built on
The peasants don't want good farmland to be built on
单个的动词的- ed 形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
心急锅不开。a watched pot never boils
所有的坏门窗都修好了。All the broken doors and windows have been repaired
我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。When we arrived we each were given a printed question paper
如要表示强调，单个动词- ed 形式也可作后置定语。
入不敷出。Money spent is more than money earned
作后置定语的- ed 形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。We have read many novels written by this author
We have read many novels that are written by this author
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors
Half of the honored guests who had been invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。The meeting , attended by one thousand students , was a success
The meeting , which was attended by one thousand students, was a success
一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。 a woman , dressed like a lawyer , came in and took her seat as judge
a woman , who was dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge