动词的- ed 形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。

 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。 to be invited to the state banquet is a great honour

我不能容忍被人嘲笑。 I cannot stand being laughed at  

动词的- ed 形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语，- ed 形式和主语之间是被动关系。

他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。Locked up ， he had no way to escape  

他陷入了沉思，几乎撞到了前面的汽车。Lost in thought ， he almost ran into the car in front of him  

听到这个消息，她泄气了。She became discouraged at the news  

尽管已经是上午十点了，商店的门仍然锁着。Though it was ten am,   the door of the shop remained locked  

当动词的- ed 形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。

第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是十六世纪出版的。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the sixteenth century  

去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。The computer center opened last year is very popular among the students in this school  

一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。a lighted candle lit up the cellar  

 当动词的- ed 形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。Vien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain  

那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。The valuable vase was found stolen  

我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟 很明显小偷闯进来了。We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down   Thieves obviously had broken in  

动词的- ed 形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语。

一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。Everything done ， we went home  

钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。All our money run out ，Henry had to find another job  

他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。He was lying on the grass ， his hands crossed under his head  

考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。All things considered ， the planned trip will have to be called off  

动词的- ed 形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。

坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。Put frankly ， I don't agree with what he said  

考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。Given the general state of his health ， it may take him a while to recover from the operation