作定语的- ing 形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。

 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory  

 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。They lived in a house facing south  

 人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。The book being discussed a lot will be published next month  

作定语的- ing 形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。

 昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。 The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture  

- ing 形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。

 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。 The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon  

 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

   看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood

When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood  

 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination 

After we have made full preparation, we are ready for the examination

 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him  

as I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him  

 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday  

Since he was ill,he didn't go to school yesterday

 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。His father died leaving him a lot of money  

His father died and left him a lot of money

 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground breaking it into pieces  

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground and broke it into pieces

 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store   

If you go straight down the road,  you will find the department store

 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed   

If you work hard at your lessons,  you will succeed  

 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage  

Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage

 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car  

Though he worked hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car  

 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

   他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。He lay on the grass,  staring at the sky for a long time  

He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time  

 她捧着许多书走进了房间。She came into the house,  carrying a lot of books  

She came into the house and carried a lot of books