有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用 suggest 或者 insist ,建议 坚持 ,等动词加以转述。
他说 “让我们去看戏。” He said " Let's go to the theatre,"
他建议去看戏。He suggested going to the theatre,
他建议我们去看戏。He suggested our going to the theatre,
He suggested that we should go to the theatre,
你介意打开窗户吗?”他问道。 " Would you mind opening the window ?" he asked,
他让我打开窗户。He asked me to open the window,
“晚饭后你为什么不散步?”他问道。" Why don't you take a walk after supper? " he asked,
他建议我晚饭后散步。he advised me to take a walk after supper,
“我们听音乐好吗?”他问道。" Shall we listen to the music? " he asked,
他建议听音乐。He suggested listening to the music,
直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语为 what 或 how 引导,也可以用 that 引导。
她说 “多么可爱的一天!”She said " What a lovely day it is !"
她说多么可爱的一天She said what a lovely day it was,
她说 这是多么可爱的一天。She said that it was a lovely day,
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。
如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时变为过去完成时,过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
老师说: " 地球绕着太阳转。” The teacher said " The earth goes round the sun,"
老师说地球绕着太阳转。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun,
如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。
他对我说: “我是一九七三年出生的。”He said to me " I was born in nineteen seventy-three,"
他告诉我 他出生于一九七三年。He told me that he was born in nineteen seventy-three,
如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
他说: “我是一个男孩 不是一个女孩。” He said " I'm a boy, not a girl,"
他说他是一个男孩 而不是女孩。He said that he is a boy, not a girl,
如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。
女孩说:“我每天早上六点钟起床。” The girl said " I get up at six every morning,"
这个女孩说她每天早上六点起床。The girl said that she gets up at six every morning,
如果直接引语中含有 since 或者 when 或者 while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。
他对我说 “自从我来到这里我就在教英语。”He said to me " I have taught English since I came here,"
他告诉我自从他来到这里他就在教英语。He told me that he had taught English since he came here,
如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must 或者 need 或者 had better 以及情态动词的过去式 could或者 might 或者 should 或者 would 在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
老师对我说。“你必须更加注意你的发音。”The teacher said to me," You must pay more attention to your pronunciation,"
老师告诉我:我不得不多注意我的发音。The teacher told me that I have to pay more attention to my pronunciation,
老师告诉我: 我必须多注意我的发音。The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to my pronunciation,
他说 “当我只有六岁就能游泳。”He said " I could swim when I was only six,"
他说他只有六岁就能游泳。 He said that he could swim when he was only six,
直接引语变间接引语时。顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化
她说。“我弟弟想和我一起去。“She said," My brother wants to go with me,"
她说她弟弟和她想去。She said her brother wanted to go with her,
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,
他对凯特说。“你姐姐现在怎么样”He said to Kate," How is your sister now?"
他问凯特当时她姐姐怎么样。He asked Kate how her sister was then,
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化
史密斯先生说:“杰克是一个好工人。”Mr Smith said 。" Jack is a good worker ,"
史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker,
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来” now 变为 then。 yesterday变为 the day before 地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼” this 改为 that
他说:“这些书是我的。“He said " These books are mine,"
他说那些书是他的。He said those books were his,
直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。
她说 “我们的巴士将在五分钟内到达。 She said " Our bus will arrive in five minutes,"
她说他们的巴士将在五分钟内到达。She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes,
直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句
他说 “你能游泳吗? 约翰” He said " Can you swim ? John, "
他问约翰是否会游泳。He asked John if he could swim,
你已经完成了家庭作业, 不是吗?“母亲问。 " You have finished the homework, haven't you ?" my mother asked,
我妈妈问我是否完成了家庭作业。My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework,“
你去学校乘公共汽车还是骑自行车" Do you go to school by bus or by bike? "
他问我去学校是乘公共汽车还是骑自行车。He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike,“