当虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词和主句中的谓语动词发生的时间不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据实际的时间选用适当的动词形式。
如果你已挣了足够的钱,你今后就会过上幸福的生活。If you had earned enough money,you would live a happy life in the future ,
从句与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时;主句与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“ would 或者should或者 could 或者might +动词原形”
在虚拟语气中,有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示,而是通过相应的介词或连词来表示,如 without,或者but for,或者or ,或者but,或者otherwise 等。
要不是你的帮助,我们就不会按时完成任务。But for your help,we couldn't have finished the task in time ,
在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中,如果条件状语从句位于句首,且从句中含有 were,或者had 或者 should ,则可以省略 if ,并用倒装结构。
如果明天下雨,我们就得呆在家里。Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home ,
如果主句中含有 would rather,或者would as soon,或者would sooner 或者 would prefer ,则从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表达希望或婉转的责备。
我倒希望他能够努力学习。I would prefer he worked hard ,
我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday ,
在“ it's ( high 或者 about ) time + that 从句”中, that 从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表示“是该的时候了”,其形式为一般过去时或“ should +动词原形”,但 should 不能省略。
是该开会的时候了。it's time that we began our meeting ,
是我们该告诉他真相的时候了。it is high time that we should tell him the truth ,
在表示建议、命令、要求、坚持( suggest,或者order,或者demand,或者propose,或者request,或者command,或者insist )等相关的名词性从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“( should )+动词原形”。
要求我们在天亮之前赶到小村庄的命令刚刚下达。(同位语从句)The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now ,
建议是我们每天应背诵一篇短文。(表语从句)The suggestion is that we recite a passage each day ,
The suggestion is that we should recite a passage each day ,
我们被要求今晚之前把一切都准备好。(主语从句)It is demanded that we get everything ready by tonight ,
It is demanded that we should get everything ready by tonight ,
在“ it is +形容词+ that 从句”中,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“( should )+动词原形”。这类形容词有 necessary,或者important,或者essential,或者strange,或者natural 必要的、重要的、必要的、奇怪的、自然的等。
立刻送他进医院是非常必要的。it is necessary that he be sent to the hospital at once ,
it is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once ,
由 wish 引起的表示愿望的宾语从句,其谓语要用虚拟语气。当 wish 表示的是与现在或当时事实相反的愿望时,它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时或过去进行时;
当 wish 表示的是与过去事实相反的愿望时,它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时;当 wish 表示的是将来难以实现的愿望时,它所引起宾语从句的谓语动词要用“ would 或者should 或者 could 或者might +动词原形”。
我希望能有足够的钱来买一辆小汽车。(表示的是现在)I wish I had enough money to buy a car ,
他真希望没有失去机会。(表示的是过去)He wishes he had not lost the chance ,
我希望长大后能够参军。(表示的是将来)I wish I would join the army when I grow up ,
在 insist 和 suggest 后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气表示建议、要求或命令。但当 insist 表示“坚称;主张”时,宾语从句要用陈述语气;当 suggest 表示“表明;暗示”时,宾语从句也要用陈述语气。
他执意要她来。He insists that she should come,
家里人坚持认为我不应让步,而应该留下来继续抗争。My family insisted that I should not give in but stay and fight,
我向迈克提议,我们和他的同事们一起出去吃饭。I suggested to Mike that we go out for a meal with his colleagues,
我建议我们给你配备一间办公套房。I suggest we fit you up with an office suite ,
她坚持说她曾看见一个小偷从窗口爬进了房间。She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window ,
他脸上的微笑表明他已通过了考试。The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam ,
在 as if 或者 as though 引导的状语从句表示的是非真实情况时,从句的谓语动词要用过去时或过去完成时。
她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it ,