情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式， must 表示必定、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示必须时可不变，也可用 had to,  或 would have to,  。

那老者说人总是要死的。The senior said，“ All men must die ,”,

The senior said that all men must die ,

她说第二天下午她一定得去看医生。She said，“ I must go to  see the doctor tomorrow afternoon ,”,

She said she must  go to  see the doctor the next afternoon ,

She said she would have to  go to  see the doctor the next afternoon ,

他对我说他们过去每年都来这里。（ used to  在间接引语中不变）He said to  me，“ We used to  go there every year ,”,

He told me that they used to  come here every year ,

当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。

我说你那天考得不错。I said，“ You did quite well in  the exam yesterday ,”

I said that you had done quite well in  the exam the day before ,

直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。

他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。He said to  Tom， “I'll do  my best to  catch up  with others ,”,

He told Tom that he would do  his best to  catch up  with others ,

直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。

他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。He said to  her， “Where did you put the glasses? ”,

He asked her where she had put the glasses ,

如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。

母亲问我去哪儿了。Mother asked，“ Where have you been? ”,

Mother asked me where I had been ,

老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。“Why are you late again? John, ” the teacher asked ,

The teacher asked John why he was late again ,

直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。

他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。He said to  Tom， “She can help them ,”,

He told Tom that she could help them ,

妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。“You should not overlook your fault，” Mum said to  me ,

Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault ,

这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。The two boys said， “We have lost our dog ,”,

The two boys said they had lost their dog ,

她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。She said， “This is  the house in  which Lu Xun once lived ,”,

She said that that was the house in  which Lu Xun had once lived ,

简说那些花是她为我买的。“I bought these flowers for you， ”Jane said ,

Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me ,

他说那些西红柿是他自己种的。“I grow these tomatoes myself，” 

he said ,He said that he grew those tomatoes himself ,

他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。He said，“I spoke to  them yesterday ,”,

He said that he had spoken to  them the day before ,

那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了三千个英语单词。The student said， “We have learned about three thousand English words so far ,”

The student said that they had learned about three thousand English words by then ,

当直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语 here 通常变为 there 。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用 here

他叫我到这里来。（引述人地点不变）“Come here， please，” he said ,

He asked me to  come here ,

他叫我到那里去。（引述人地点发生变化）He asked me to  go there ,

他告诉我说，谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来。“Here she burst out into a  flood of  tears，” he said to  me ,

He told me that she had burst out into a  flood of  tears there ,

这，那  this, that ,

这些，那些these, those,

 现在，当时  now, then,

今天，那天 today, that day,

今天上午， 那天早上 this morning  ,that morning ,

 今天下午， 那天早上 this afternoon ,that afternoon ,

今晚，那天晚上  tonight ,that night,

 昨天，那天的前一天 yesterday ,the day before,

昨晚，前一晚 last night ,the night before,

前天，两天前the day before yesterday ,two days before,

 后天，两天后  the day after tomorrow,in  two days,

前，之前ago,before ,

明天，接下来的一天 tomorrow, the next day,

明天，接下来的一天 tomorrow, the following day,

 下周， 下周 next week, the next week ,

 下年， 下年 next year ,the next year ,

这儿，那儿here ,there ,

来，去come ,go ,

带来，去取bring ,take,