1 .accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accuse somebody of something 指责或控告某人某事。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为charge somebody with something ,指责或控告某人某事此结构,还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。
例1:My father accused me of my being too careless 父亲责备我太粗心。
例2:He accused me of neglecting my duty 他指控我玩忽职守。
例3:He charged me with neglecting my duty 他指控我玩忽职守。
例4:Jimmy was charged with murder 吉米被控谋杀。
例5:He was charged with an important task 他担负有一项重要任务。
2 .add / add to / add up / add up to
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:At the end of the party we added another program 晚会结束时,我们又增加了一个节目。
例7:You needn’t add any water to the medicine 你不必往药里加水。
add to:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如:
例8:His coming added to our trouble 他的到来给我们添了麻烦。
add up:加起来。例如:
例9:Have you added up all the numbers? 你把所有的数字加起来了吗?
add up to:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。例如:
例10:All the numbers added up to one hundred 所有的数字加起来是一百个。
3 .advise / suggest
advise:建议,劝说。例如:
例11:I advised his trying again = suggest 我建议他再试一次
例12:I advised that we should try again = suggest,虚拟语气。 我建议我们再试一次
例13:I advised him to give up smoking 我劝他戒烟。
例14:I advised him not to smoke 我劝他戒烟。
例15:Could you advise us on how to learn English ? 你能给我们提供如何学英语建议吗?
例16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English? 你能给我们一些关于如何学习英语的建议吗?
suggest:建议,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:We suggest having a meeting at once = advise 我们建议马上开会
例18:We suggest that a meeting should be held at once = advise,虚拟语气。 我们建议马上开一次会
例19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor health 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。
4 .agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with:同意,赞成 后接“人”或what从句作宾语 ;适合,适应;一致。例如:
例20:I don’t quite agree with you 我不太同意你的看法
例21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting 没有人同意他在会上所说的话。
例22:The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。
例23:Your words do not agree with your actions 你的言行不一。
agree to:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如:
例24:John can’t agree to Joe’s idea 约翰不同意乔的主意
agree on:对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如:
例25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan 最后约翰和乔同意了这个计划。
5 .allow / permit / let / promise
allow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。例如:
例26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?谁允许你离开营地?
例27:Smoking is not allowed here 这里禁止吸烟
例28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you 请允许我向你自我介绍
permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。例如:
例29:He declared that he would permit me to do so 他说他会允许我这样做的
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。
let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如:
例30:Don’t let this happen again 不要让这再次发生
例31:This is not allowed to happen again 不说:This is not let to happen again 这是不允许的再次发生
promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如:
例32:They promised an immediate reply 他们答应立即答复。
例33:He promised to start at once 他答应马上开始
例34:I promised him to see to the matter right away
我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。
see to 处理,照顾,留心
6 .announce / declare
announce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如:
例35:The government announced that the danger was past 政府宣布危险已经过去了
例36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing 宣布全国科学大会即将在北京举行
另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应用announce to somebody something 。后接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。say to somebody 对某人说 explain to somebody,向某人解释 例如:
例37:He announced to us the news and then said to us “Now let me explain to you in details ”
他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”
declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如:
例38:The chairman declared the exhibition open 主席宣布展览会开幕。
7 .answer / reply
answer:回答,回应。例如:
例39:“Tom!” No one answered “汤姆!“没有人回答
例40:Please answer the door-bell 请接门铃
例41:He answered that he knew nothing about it .他回答说他对此一无所知。
例42:No one was able to answer him a word .没有人能回答他一句话。
reply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what从句,或用于倒装句。例如:
例43:He replied to me “I need the answer to the exercise ”他对我说:“我需要练习答案。”
例44:He replied that he would not go .他回答说他不会去。
例45:Not a word did she reply . 她一句话也不应。
answer当名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。例如:
例46:He made no reply to his questions. He made no answer to his questions .他没有回答他的问题。