8 ．appear / look / seem
appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good but in fact it tastes sour 这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。
seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time 你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon 看来要下雨了
look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you ? You look pale .你怎么了？你脸色苍白
例51：It looks like rain 看来要下雨了。
9 ．argue / quarrel
argue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：
例52：What are you arguing about？ 你在争论什么？
例53：I argued with him the whole day .我和他争论了一整天
quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。例如：
例54：It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that 为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。
10 ．arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词 如here there home等 时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成 协议 ，作出 决定 ”的意思。例如：
例55：When we arrived at the station the train had left 当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了
例56：At five they arrived in Beijing 他们五点到北京
例57：The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday .直到昨天我才收到那封信
例58：At what time did you get to the post office 你什么时候到的邮局
例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion 几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。
11 ．ask / inquire / question
ask：问 ask somebody something 或ask something of somebody 问某人一些事；请求 ask somebody to do something 请某人做点什么 ；要，索取 ask for something 要一些东西 。例如：
例60：May I ask you some questions ?我可以问你一些问题吗？
例61：Why did he ask you to come again ?他为什么要你再来？
例62：Did he ask for anything ?他要什么吗？
inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。例如：
例63：I have inquired of him whether he could help me 我已经问过他能否帮我。
例64：We must inquire into the matter ＝look into，我们必须调查此事。
question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。例如：
例65：At first the girls read a chapter from their books and then the teacher began to question them .起初，女孩们从书中读了一章，然后老师开始向她们提问。
例66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police 我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。
12 ．be about to do something / be to do something
be about to do：即将，正要做……。不加任何时间短语。例如：
例67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain 我们正要动身突然开始下雨了。
be to do：计划，约定；应该。例如：
例68：We are to start tomorrow 我们明天动身
例69：What is to be done next？ 下一步做什么？
13 ．be careful of / be careful with
be careful of：小心，当心，留神，注意。例如：
例70：The public were warned to be careful of rats 公众被警告要当心老鼠。
be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如：
例71：You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation 你得注意你的工作/发音。
14 ．be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with：对……熟悉。例如：
例72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star .我们大多数人都熟悉这位流行歌星
例73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation .约翰非常熟悉这种情况
be familiar to：对……来说是熟悉的；为……所熟知。例如：
例74：The pop star is familiar to most of us 我们大多数人都很熟悉这位流行歌星
例75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John . =very familiar 这种情况对约翰来说太熟悉了
15 ．be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for：因……而出名。例如：
例76：Our town is known for its stones .我们的城镇以石头闻名
be known as：作为……而出名。被称为， 公认为。例如：
例77：The town is known as a stone town 这个镇被称为石头镇。
be known to：被……知晓，了解。例如：
例78：The hot spring city is known to every one of them .每个人都知道温泉城
16 ．be made of from / out of / be made into / be made up / be made up of
be made of：由……制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如：
例79：The desk is made of wood 桌子是木头做的
be made from：由……制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如：
例80：Paper is made from wood 纸是由木头制成的
be made out of：由……制成。例如：
例81：The desk is made out of wood . The Paper is made out of wood .桌子是木头做的。纸是木头做的
be made into：制成……。例如：
例82：Wood can be made into desks .Wood can be made into paper .木头可以做成桌子，木头可以做成纸。
be made up：由……编成。例如：
例83：Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up 别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。
be made up of =consist of ：由……组成。例如：
例84：This desk is made up of twelve pieces of wood .This desk consists of twelve pieces of wood .这张桌子由十二块木头组成。