24 .catch / seize / hold / catch hold of
catch:抓住,捉住;赶上 车 。常指从空中抓住某物,或指捕捉等。如:
例123:He caught the ball and shot the basket 他抓住球,投篮。
例124:We caught lots of fish today .我们今天抓住了很多鱼
例125:I got up early so that I could catch the first bus .我起得早,以便赶上第一班公共汽车
seize:抓住 指用力猛抓 ;捉拿,逮捕。可以抓住无形的东西
例126:It’s a pity that I didn’t seize the chance .可惜我没有抓住机会
seize the power 夺权
例127:Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station .小偷立刻被抓住并送到警察局。
seize还有控制局势的意思
They seized the airport in a surprise attack.他们在突然袭击中夺取了机场。
Catch 和 seize 都可以用于借喻。
I was caught in the rain. 我遇上了雨。
He seized the opportunity to attack. 他抓住了这个机会进攻。
. Catch 和 seize 都可以用人作宾语,而用 by 短语表示抓住的部位。
I caught ( seized ) him by the ear ( the hair the hand the leg the sleeve ).
我抓住他的耳朵(头发、手、腿、袖)。
be caught后接in. be caught in的意思是:遭遇...
I was/got caught in the rain on my way back home.我在回家的路上被雨淋了。
hold:握住,手持,抱着。
例128:She was holding an umbrella 她打着一把伞
例129:At that moment I held him by the arm 就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。
catch hold of:抓住,抓牢。指抓住某物不放手,相当于get hold of。
例130:Be sure to catch hold of the rope 。一定要抓住绳子
25 .catch fire / be on fire / cause fire / set fire to something / set something on fire
catch fire:着火 指自然着火,无被动结构 。be on fire:着火 指状态 。cause fire:起火 引起火灾 。set fire to something / set something on fire:放火,纵火 指人为的 。
例131:The store caught fire at five this morning and it was on fire for nearly half an hour Nobody knows what caused the fire or who set it on fire / set fire to it 商店早上五点着火,烧了近半个小时,没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。
26 .collect / gather
gather:收集,聚集;采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人,也可以是物。
例132:She is gathering wild flowers in the field .她在田野里采野花。
例133:Please gather the students for me .请为我召集学生
例134:He wants to gather money for a motorbike 他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。
collect:收集,集合。指精心地、有选择地收集;作为该意思时,其宾语只能是物。
例135:Are you fond of collecting stamps ?你喜欢集邮吗
例136:They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas 他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。
注意:作为不及物动词时,两者可以互用。
例137:We’ll gather at the gate of the school at eight a m tomorrow .We’ll collect at the gate of the school at eight a m tomorrow .我们明天早上八点在学校门口集合
27 .compare with / compare to
compare with:把……和……相比。
例138:Can you compare this word with that one ?你能把这个词和那个词比较一下吗
compare to:比喻为,把……比作;把……和……相比。
例139:Young people are usually compared to the rising sun 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。
例140:Don’t compare your toys to / with others’ all the time 别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。
compared to / with:比起来,与……相比。过去分词短语作状语,介词用to / with均可。
例141:Compared to / with other people you were indeed very fortunate 比起其他人,你算够幸运的了。
28 .contain / include
contain:包含 全部 ,容纳。include:包括 部分 。
例142:Senior Book One contains twelve units including two units chosen from the old textbook 高年级第一册包括十二个单元,其中两个单元选自旧课本
例143:This atlas contains forty maps including three of Great Britain
这地图集含有四十幅地图,包括英国地图三幅在内。
例144:How much does this bottle contain 这瓶能装多少?
29 .cost / spend / pay / buy / charge / sell
cost:花费,付出代价。通常以事物作主语,即something cost + somebody + 金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。
例145:The book cost me ten dollars .这本书花了我十美元
例146:Careless driving cost him his life 粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。
spend:花费。主语是人,可以指花金钱,也可以指花时间。spend的用法: somebody + spend +时间+ in, +doing/ somebody + spend +金钱 时间 + on something 。
例147:I spent ten dollars on the book .我花了十美元买这本书
例148:I spent two hours in, finishing the composition 我花了两个小时完成了这篇作文 比较:
例149:It took me two hours to finish the composition 我花了两个小时才把作文写完
pay:付款。
例150:I paid ten dollars for the book .我花了十美元买这本书
buy:买。
例151:I bought the book for ten dollars .我花十美元买了这本书
charge:收费。
例152:They charged me ten dollars for the book 买这本书,他们收我十美元。
sell:卖。
例153:They sold me the book for ten dollars 他们以十美元卖给我这本书