broad; wide
两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意， 但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 如肩、背、胸等的宽 ，还可表示“宽宏大量”；wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。
形容道路、河流、峡谷等宽时，broad, wide 都可
Looking at the new-type camera the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open
看着那个新型相机，那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。
He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure
他是个心胸宽广的人；决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。
It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. 这让他眉开眼笑。
they had a talk far and wide for the concerned problems. 他们就共同关心的问题进行了广泛地交谈。
but／however
这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。
We love peace but we are not afraid of war 我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。
however转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。
Later，however，he decided to go 可是后来他决定去了。
by oneself；oneself
by oneself＝alone，without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”；
oneself作同位语，表示强调本人。
试比较：
If you come to my house，I’ll cook for you myself
如果你来我家，我将亲自下厨。 强调亲手为你做饭
Can you cook by yourself now？ 你现在能单独做饭了吗？ 强调无他人协作
by sea；by the sea
by sea意为“走海路；坐轮船”，其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式，by与名词间不可用冠词；by the sea意为“在海边”，其中by表示“在……旁边”，by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。
They will go to America by sea 他们将坐轮船去美国。
There is a small village by the sea 海边有个小村庄。
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语：
by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边
by land 从陆路 by the land 在岸边 在陆地旁边
by taxi 乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边
by road 从陆路 by the road 在路边
C
catch somebody doing something ； be get caught in something
catch somebody doing something 作“碰 遇 上某人正在做某事”解。
The policeman caught two men fighting in the street 警察碰见两个人在街上打架。
The man was caught stealing the apples 那人偷苹果时，被当场发现。
be / get caught in something “遇上……而受阻”之意。
I got caught in the traffic 我因交通堵塞而受阻。
I was caught in a storm on my way to school 我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。
care about; care for; care; care to
care about“关心；计较；在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。
He doesn't care about his clothes 他不讲究衣着。
I don't care about going there 去不去那里，我无所谓。
care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。
Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子？
How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊！
Would you care for a walk 你愿意去散步吗？
He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。
care还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。
I don't care who you are 我不管你是谁。
I don't care what you say 不论你说什么，我都不在乎。
care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。
I don’t care to go there 我不愿意去那里。
carry off; carry away; carry out
表示“运走”；“掠走”，用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处：carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏；carry away可表示“吸引住”。
After destroying the village the enemy carried off／away all the cattle
在毁掉村子之后，敌人把牲畜都掠走了。
I carried off the first prize 我获得了头等奖。
We were carried away by her songs 她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。
carry out的意思是“搬出 某物 ”；“履行 计划或义务等 ”。
Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗？
You must carry out your duty 你必须履行你的职责。